Writer and Geek Show

Ice and cream No introduction required. It is a colloidal emulsion which is made into a foam by incorporating air and then frozen. Ice cream is a mixture of water, ice, milk fat, milk protein, sugar and air. The mixture is stirred well to incorporate air and is cooled below the freezing point and stored as semi-solid foam stored at low temperatures. The accepted composition of ice-cream in the US according to Wikipedia (all percentages by weight): Greater than 10% milkfat and usually between 10% and as high as 16% fat in some premium ice creams 9 to 12% milk solids-not-fat: this component, also known as the serum solids, contains the proteins (caseins and whey proteins) and carbohydrates (lactose) found in milk 12 to 16% sweeteners: usually a combination of sucrose and glucose-based corn syrup sweeteners 0.2 to 0.5% stabilisers and emulsifiers 55% to 64% water, which comes from the milk or other ingredients. History The ice cream was consumed during the Achaemenid Empire in 500 BC. Ice was mixed with flavours and consumed during the summertime. Persians also invented a dish with ice, rose water and vermicelli which was a primitive version of Falooda. This was mostly reserved for the Royals. Greeks weren’t behind, they also invented snow mixed with honey and fruits which was also sold in the markets of Athens. Hippocrates advocated eating ice. China invented the real primitive form of ice-cream using milk and rice around 200 B.C. Snow and saltpetre was poured outside of containers filled with syrups to reduce the melting point. A few centuries later, during the time of Nero, ice was bought from the mountains to Rome and combines with fruits and served as delicacies. Marco Polo bought the recipe back to Europe. In India, ice was shipped in from Hindukush mountains and used in sorbets and in making Kulfi which came into existence around 16th century. Italian Dutchess Catherine de Medici married Henry II of France in 1533 and bought some Italian chef’s along with her who made flavoured ice. Flavoured ice became popular in France. Italian Francesco dei Coltelli opened an ice cream café in 1651 in Paris which became popular. During the next 50 years around 250 cafés opened in Paris. Charles I of England was fond of ice-cream and paid his chef to not to give away the recipe. By the mid-eighteenth century, ice-cream became popular in the United States as well. George Washington was a big fan. By the mid-nineteenth century, ice-cream became inexpensive and available to common people. This was mainly due to Carlo Gatti setting up a stand outside of Strand in 1851. He sold a scoop for one penny. He imported ice from Norway. Agnes Marshall popularised many ice-cream recipes in England. Ice-cream appeared in Greece in 20th century. Production Before refrigerators, ice-cream was meant only for the rich upper class. Ice was hard to come by. Ice-cream was made in using the pot freeze method where a large bowl was kept in a tub of ice and salt. The mixture of salt and ice cooled the temperature of the ingredients within the bowl. Salt partially melts the ice allowing it to absorb the latent heat and thus brings the temperature of the ingredients below the freezing point of water. This helps in freezing milk which has a lower freezing point. First, large-scale production in the US was by Jacob Fussell of Baltimore. Types Sundae: A type of ice-cream with one or more scoop of cream and syrup. It was a variation of ice-cream soda and due to restrictions on consuming soda on Sundays, soda was replaced with syrup. To avoid religious conflict changed the spelling to “ice-cream sundae”. Ice-cream cone: Agnes Marshall’s cookery book had a recipe for serving ice cream in cones, but the practice is believed to be existing before that. Faludah or Faloodeh: Popular Iranian ice-cream with vermicelli, rose water and sugar syrup. Gelato: Italian frozen dessert with a lower milk fat content than ice cream. Ice-cream sandwich: A bar of ice-cream sandwiched between two cookies. Frozen yoghurt: Made with yoghurt instead of milk or cream. Present day The US is the major consumer of ice-cream with about 23 litres per capita followed by Australia and New Zealand. India is one of the largest producers of ice-cream and most of the production is consumed domestically. unsplash-logo Harnish Ganatra

A standup comedian, a writer and a software engineer talk about cryptography

That’s 50! In the 50th episode, we sit down and talk with Rupen Paul, the star stand up comedian and upcoming podcaster about cryptography. This was a pleasant evening with rain, coffee and snacks. Occassional chewing noises are to be expected. Sit back and enjoy our version of cryptography! Rupen’s Right Room Rupen is also the host of an amazing podcast and we think that you should definitely check it out! The Right Room Podcast Books mentioned Please note that these are affiliate links where we get paid a percentage for each purchase and this helps us in the production of the show. Thanks! Enigma: The Battle For The Code (Hugh Sebag-Montefiore) Digital Fortress by Dan Brown Sherlock Holmes unsplash-logo Micah Williams

Update Here is a quick update on the flood situation in Kerala and Karnataka: Thanks for the overwhelming support. Kerala and Karnataka need our support to get through the tough times due to heavy rains and floods. Let us continue our solidarity irrespective of religion, region, caste, language and other diversity. Thanks! unsplash-logo Cherry Laithang

In this episode, we talk about Cyanide Mohan. A serial killer from South India.

Mohan Kumar, infamously known as Cyanide Mohan is a serial killer who targeted women by offering them marriage. Details: DOB: 1963 Place: Mangalore Marital status: Married thrice Span of crime: 2005-2009 Number of victims: 20 Date of apprehension: October 2009 Crime history Cyanide Mohan worked as a primary school teacher from 1980 to 2003. He was fired from his job for allegedly pushing a woman off the Nethravathi when she refused his marriage proposal. The motive of the murders were to satisfy his sexual needs and to extort the valuables from his victims. He used cyanide laced pills to kill his victims. Convicted for 5 murders of the 20 murders. He is his own attorney and successful appealed to convert one death penalty into a life sentence. He is also found to have committed bank frauds and forgeries Currently serving two death penalties and two life sentences. unsplash-logo rawpixel

Kerala needs our help Kerala has been hit with torrential rains over past few weeks and things are getting really difficult down there. In this short conversation, we request you to be a part in helping to rebuild the God’s own country. Honourable Chief Minister of Kerala tweeted the details on how you can contribute to this cause. Here is the link to Chief Minister’s Distress Relief Fund Here's how you can help those affected by the unprecedented floods in Kerala. Now you can make donations online to Chief Minister's Distress Relief Fund through the site, https://t.co/OFHTHlZ9by #KeralaFloods #StandWithKerala. pic.twitter.com/XNlBKqdCUT— CMO Kerala (@CMOKerala) August 14, 2018 unsplash-logo Cherry Laithang

Kerala needs our help Kerala has been hit with torrential rains over past few weeks and things are getting really difficult down there. In this short conversation, we request you to be a part in helping to rebuild the God’s own country. Honourable Chief Minister of Kerala tweeted the details on how you can contribute to this cause. Here is the link to Chief Minister’s Distress Relief Fund Here's how you can help those affected by the unprecedented floods in Kerala. Now you can make donations online to Chief Minister's Distress Relief Fund through the site, https://t.co/OFHTHlZ9by #KeralaFloods #StandWithKerala. pic.twitter.com/XNlBKqdCUT— CMO Kerala (@CMOKerala) August 14, 2018 unsplash-logo Cherry Laithang

Jet engines are awesome, we get that. But how did it all start?

Love ‘em planes ✈️ Jet engine is a type of internal combustion engine that produces thrust based on a fast moving discharge of hot gases, widely used on airplanes. History Hero of Alexandria built Aeopile which was the earliest for of jet engine dating back to 1st century A.D. It was a steam turbine which rotated when a central water container is heated. Much like a lawn sprinkler. Was more of a curiousity thing and did not have practical application. Chinese invented rocket fireworks in the 13th century, but since these were inefficient, did not develop for few more centuries. The need The propeller driven airplanes had their limitations in terms of max speed that could be achieved. Pressure build up while approaching sound barrier caused many of these planes to crash. Key components Air intake Compressor Gas turbine Combustion chamber Exhaust nozzle Types of Jet Engines Turbojet: Basically a gas turbine that compresser air through an inlet and compressor. Fuel is mixed with th compressed air in the combustion chamber and the exhaust gases propel the engine forward and also run the compressor. All the ir passes through the inlet into the compressor, the combustion chamber and then through the turbines before escaping out. Turboprop: Turboprop uses the exhaust to mainly drive a propeller that provides the thrust to move the engine forward. In this type of engine, the jet thrust is augmented by the propeller. They perform extremely well at low speeds. Another type of turboprop called turboshaft utilises all the power to run the propeller and produces almost no jet exhaust. This mainly used to power helicopters. Turbofan: Turbofan is essentially a turbojet with a giant fan in the front of the compressor. The fan draws more ait and while a part of it enters the inlet, the rest of it goes around the engine providing additional thrust in a way similar to a turboprop. This is the way more efficient than a turbojet. The fan allows greater thrust at low speeds. In passenger jets, the engines have a biger fan and helps in reduced noise and increased efficiency whereas in military aircraft where flight is usually supersonic and noise isn’t a factor, turbofans with smaller fans are used to reduce drag and increase the menouverability of the craft. Ramjet: Ramjet does not use a compressor instead depends on the air pressure to build up at the inlet duct. As a result, a ramject cannot work in subsonic speeds and requires it to be accelerated to supersonic speeds by a turbojet or a rocket engine. Practical applications are in missiles and unmanned vehicles. Shoutout Storiyoh Podhead The Musafir Stories - Kochi episode unsplash-logo Owen CL

Love ‘em planes ✈️ Jet engine is a type of internal combustion engine that produces thrust based on a fast moving discharge of hot gases, widely used on airplanes. History Hero of Alexandria built Aeopile which was the earliest for of jet engine dating back to 1st century A.D. It was a steam turbine which rotated when a central water container is heated. Much like a lawn sprinkler. Was more of a curiousity thing and did not have practical application. Chinese invented rocket fireworks in the 13th century, but since these were inefficient, did not develop for few more centuries. The need The propeller driven airplanes had their limitations in terms of max speed that could be achieved. Pressure build up while approaching sound barrier caused many of these planes to crash. Key components Air intake Compressor Gas turbine Combustion chamber Exhaust nozzle Types of Jet Engines Turbojet: Basically a gas turbine that compresser air through an inlet and compressor. Fuel is mixed with th compressed air in the combustion chamber and the exhaust gases propel the engine forward and also run the compressor. All the ir passes through the inlet into the compressor, the combustion chamber and then through the turbines before escaping out. Turboprop: Turboprop uses the exhaust to mainly drive a propeller that provides the thrust to move the engine forward. In this type of engine, the jet thrust is augmented by the propeller. They perform extremely well at low speeds. Another type of turboprop called turboshaft utilises all the power to run the propeller and produces almost no jet exhaust. This mainly used to power helicopters. Turbofan: Turbofan is essentially a turbojet with a giant fan in the front of the compressor. The fan draws more ait and while a part of it enters the inlet, the rest of it goes around the engine providing additional thrust in a way similar to a turboprop. This is the way more efficient than a turbojet. The fan allows greater thrust at low speeds. In passenger jets, the engines have a biger fan and helps in reduced noise and increased efficiency whereas in military aircraft where flight is usually supersonic and noise isn’t a factor, turbofans with smaller fans are used to reduce drag and increase the menouverability of the craft. Ramjet: Ramjet does not use a compressor instead depends on the air pressure to build up at the inlet duct. As a result, a ramject cannot work in subsonic speeds and requires it to be accelerated to supersonic speeds by a turbojet or a rocket engine. Practical applications are in missiles and unmanned vehicles. Shoutout Storiyoh Podhead The Musafir Stories - Kochi episode unsplash-logo Owen CL

It’s mighty! Pizza is undoubtedly one of the most loved food in the world. About 7 billion pizzas are consumed across the world every year. History: Its history can be traced back to the streets of Naples, Italy in the Dark Ages. The introduction of tomato and mozzarella cheese revolutionised the art of pizza making. The first pizzeria was set up in 1830 and is called Antica Pizzeria Port’Alba. Yes, it still exists. As per legend, Margherita Pizza was invented by Raffaele Esposito in 1889 for Queen Margherita. It was made using tomatoes, mozzarella cheese, and basil leaves which represents the colours of the Italian flag. Pizza and USA: G. Lombardi, the first pizzeria in the US was set up in 1905 World War II popularised pizza in the country. 5 billion pizzas consumed by Americans every year. 251,770,000 pounds of pepperoni consumed by Americans every year. It is a $32 billion business in the country every year. Pizza results in 41% increase in cheese consumption since 1995 in US. NASA 3D printed a pizza in 2013 (What? Really?!) Health Benefits: Unlike popular belief, pizza is not always unhealthy. If it is made with the right ingredients it can have many health benefits. It reduces the risk of oesophagal, colon, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancer. Random facts: First pineapple pizza (Hawaiian pizza) and the frozen pizza was made in 1962. Largest pizza was made in 2012 in Rome and it measured 1261 square metres. Dog Pizza, also known as Heaven Scent Pizza, is made using flour, carrots, celery, and parmesan cheese. Cambodian Happy Pizza is made using marijuana Some of the strange pizza flavours include potato chips, ice cream, beer, e-cigarette, and condoms. What are you waiting for? Go eat some pizza! unsplash-logo ivan Torres

It’s mighty! Pizza is undoubtedly one of the most loved food in the world. About 7 billion pizzas are consumed across the world every year. History: Its history can be traced back to the streets of Naples, Italy in the Dark Ages. The introduction of tomato and mozzarella cheese revolutionised the art of pizza making. The first pizzeria was set up in 1830 and is called Antica Pizzeria Port’Alba. Yes, it still exists. As per legend, Margherita Pizza was invented by Raffaele Esposito in 1889 for Queen Margherita. It was made using tomatoes, mozzarella cheese, and basil leaves which represents the colours of the Italian flag. Pizza and USA: G. Lombardi, the first pizzeria in the US was set up in 1905 World War II popularised pizza in the country. 5 billion pizzas consumed by Americans every year. 251,770,000 pounds of pepperoni consumed by Americans every year. It is a $32 billion business in the country every year. Pizza results in 41% increase in cheese consumption since 1995 in US. NASA 3D printed a pizza in 2013 (What? Really?!) Health Benefits: Unlike popular belief, pizza is not always unhealthy. If it is made with the right ingredients it can have many health benefits. It reduces the risk of oesophagal, colon, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancer. Random facts: First pineapple pizza (Hawaiian pizza) and the frozen pizza was made in 1962. Largest pizza was made in 2012 in Rome and it measured 1261 square metres. Dog Pizza, also known as Heaven Scent Pizza, is made using flour, carrots, celery, and parmesan cheese. Cambodian Happy Pizza is made using marijuana Some of the strange pizza flavours include potato chips, ice cream, beer, e-cigarette, and condoms. What are you waiting for? Go eat some pizza! unsplash-logo ivan Torres

Pizza is one of the most popular food item in the world, let's see where it came from.

An update A brief update on the Writer & Geek Show. We have been on a sabbatical since we completed a year of podcasting. But we are using this time to improve our show and our website. We plan to come back with more episodes starting August. Stay tuned! — Shankar and Vishnu