This Week in Virology

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses detection of a highly divergent type 3 vaccine-derived poliovirus in a child with a severe primary immunodeficiency disorder, severe respiratory illnesses associated with rhinoviruses and/or enteroviruses including EV-D68, effects of vaccination and previous infection on Omicron infections in children, COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among vaccinated and unvaccinated adults 18 years or older in 13 US states, effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines over time prior to Omicron emergence in Ontario, Canada, nasal IgA wanes 9 months after hospitalization with COVID-19 and is not induced by subsequent vaccination,  resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.4.6 to antibody neutralization, persistent circulating SARS-CoV-2 spike associated with post-acute COVID-19 sequelae, and impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of developing long-covid and on existing long-covid symptoms. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Detection of poliovirus in immunosuppressed child (CDC) Severe respiratory illnesses associated with rhinoviruses and/or enteroviruses (CDC) Effects of vaccination and previous Omicron infection in children (NEJM) COVID-19 hospitalizations among vaccinated and unvaccinated adults (JAMA) Effectiveness of vaccines prior to Omicron (IDSA) Nasal iga wanes 9 months after COVID hospitalization (medRxiv) Resistance of Omicron subvariant to antibody neutralization (BioRxiv) PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA) Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)  Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA) SARS-CoV-2 spike is associated with post-acute sequelae (IDSA) Impact of vaccination on the risk of developing long-COVID (The Lancet) Contribute to Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 936 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Vincent travels to Cornell University to speak with Cedric about his career and his research on mobile genetic elements such as transposons and endogenous viruses and how they have shaped the evolution of nearly all organisms. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello Guest: Cedric Feschotte Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Feschotte laboratory Field guide to transposable elements (Ann Rev Genetics) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses variant influenza virus infections: recommendations for identification, treatment, and prevention for summer and fall 2022, low levels of monkeypox virus neutralizing antibodies after MVA-BN vaccination in healthy individuals, using the right tools at the right time for SARS-COV-2 infection, onset and window of SARS-COV-2 infectiousness and temporal correlation with symptom onset, transmission of SARS-COV-2: a review of viral, host, and environmental factors, antibody persistence and safety through 6 months after heterologous orally aerosolized Ad5-nCoV in individuals primed with two-dose vaccine, timely administration of tocilizumab improves outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, administration of anti–SARS-COV-2 monoclonal antibodies after US Food and Drug Administration deauthorization, and clinical and genetic risk factors for acute incident venous thromboembolism in ambulatory patients with COVID-19. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode 2022 recommendations for Influenza infections (CDC) Low levels of monkeypox neutralizing antibodies after vaccination (medRxiv) Using the right tools during SARS-CoV-2 infection (ESMED) Onset and window of SARS-CoV-2 infectiousness with symptom onset (The LANCET) Transmission of SARS-COV-2 (ACP Journals) PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA) Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)  Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA) Administration of anti–SARS-COV-2 monoclonal antibodies (JAMA) Clinical and genetic risk factors for thromboembolism (JAMA) Administration of tocilizumab improves outcomes (PLOS One) Antibody persistence and safety through 6 months (medRxiv) Improve risk score for thromboembolism (mdCalc) Contribute to Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB Dr. Griffin’s treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 934 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV discusses a new henipavirus from fruit bats in Madagascar, and attenuation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron disease in mice caused by genome mutations outside of the spike protein coding region. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Research assistant position at FDA (pdf) Beijerinck virology prize (KNAW) Nipah virus vaccine (TWiV 618) Novel henipavirus from Madagascar (J Viral) Spike-independent Omicron attenuation in mice (Cell Rep) Letters read on TWiV 933 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Small groups: 3.  Modern Jazz Quartet. Signature song: Skating in Central Park. Signature album: Django. Brianne – To Prevent a Martian Plague, NASA Needs to Build a Very Special Lab Kathy – Physics Girl – Overnight in the Most Remote Camp on Earth Vincent – Lab leaders wrestle with paucity of postdocs Listener Picks Gary – Stan Kenton Orchestra Miguel – Microsoft Premonition Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses vaccine effectiveness against influenza illness in children, clinical manifestations of infection with poliovirus, spike protein-independent attenuation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in laboratory mice, concordance of SARS-CoV-2 results in self-collected nasal swabs vs swabs collected by health care workers in children and adolescents, probable animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 causing a pet shop-related outbreak, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19–associated hospitalizations among adults during BA.2 variant, SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells and antibodies, Nirmatrelvir use and outcomes during the Omicron surge, real-world effectiveness of early Molnupiravir or Nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in hospitalized patients, and distinguishing features of long COVID. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Vaccine effectiveness against Influenza illness in children (CID) Clinical manifestations of infection with Polio (JAMA) Characteristics of deaths among fully vaccinated persons with Coronavirus (CID) Spike protein attenuation of Omicron Variant in lab mice (Cell Reports) Concordance of SARS-CoV-2 results in nasal swabs self-collected vs healthcare collected (JAMA) Probable animal-to-human transmission of Sars-Cov-2 (CID) PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA) Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)  Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA) COVID-19–associated hospitalizations among adults during BA.2 variant (CDC) Sars-Cov-2 specific T-cells and antibodies (CID) Nirmatrelvir use and outcomes during the Omicron surge (NEJM) Effectiveness of early Molnupiravir or Nirmatrelvir–Ritonavir in hospitalized patients (The Lancet) Distinguishing features of long COVID (medRxiv) Unexplained post-acute infection syndromes (Nature Med) Contribute to Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB Dr. Griffin’s treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 932 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews the genetic characterization of a new strain of type 2 oral polio vaccine and its implications for eradication, and how a polymorphism in humans comprising a single amino acid change in an antibody molecule regulates vaccine elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza virus HA. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Characterization of novel OPV2 from humans (MMWR) Engineering nOPV2 (TWiV 756) Genome sequence of Rockland County NY OPV2 isolate (Genbank) Allelic polymorphism and vaccine induction of influenza virus bnAbs (Immunity) Letters read on TWiV 931 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson - Small groups: 1.  Miles Davis Quintet. Signature album: Kind Of Blue. Signature song: So What. Brianne - World Excel Championships Kathy - Lyre bird background and video Alan – The Kissing Bug, by Daisy Hernandez Vincent -Five top detective fiction writers. #1 Martin Beck by Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö Listener Picks John – Fevers, Feuds and Diamonds: Ebola and the Ravages of History by Paul Farmer Carol – The Social Dilemma Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses antibody response against nonpoliovirus enteroviruses, clinical presentation and virological assessment of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in Spain, object and surface contamination with monkeypox virus, monkeypox virus infection in humans across 16 countries, clinical characteristics of ambulatory and hospitalized patients with monkeypox virus infection, compassionate use of Tecovirimat for the treatment of monkeypox infection, monitoring of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine among children, Pfizer and BioNTech announce updated vaccine data supporting efficacy in children, direct capture of neutralized RBD enables rapid point-of-care assessment of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titer, Pfizer and BioNTech submit application for bivalent vaccine, and Oral Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir in non-hospitalized vaccinated patients with COVID-19. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Antibody response against nonpoliovirus enteroviruses (ASM) Clinical presentation of Monkeypox cases in Spain (The Lancet) Object and surface contamination with Monkeypox virus infection (CDC) Environmental persistence of Monkeypox virus (Emerg Inf Dis) Monkeypox virus infection across 16 countries (NEJM) Clinical characteristics of hospitalization patients with Monkeypox (CMI) Usage of Tecovirimat for treatment of Monkeypox infection (JAMA) PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA) Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)  Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA) Monitoring of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine among children (CDC) Pfizer and BioNTech announce updated vaccine data (Pfizer) Capture of RBD enables point of care assessment (Science Direct) Pfizer and BioNTech submit application for bivalent vaccine (Pfizer) PAXLOVID in non-hospitalized vaccinated patients  Contribute to Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB Dr. Griffin’s treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 930 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Andy Slavitt joins TWiV to discuss his book, Preventable and how failures in leadership, politics, and selfishness doomed the U.S. response to SARS-CoV-2. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Guest: Andy Slavitt Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode In the Bubble podcast Preventable (Amazon) Letters read on TWiV 929 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Best big band #5: 1. Glenn Miller’s Orchestra -1940-1944: Signature song: In The Mood. Signature album: An Album Of Outstanding Arrangements Brianne – Cross-stitched Microbes Kathy – Time trials for bottle emptying Alan – Meow Parlor Vincent – VIRUS x1,000,000 (2022) by Drew Berry wehi.tv Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses the public health response to a polio case in a unvaccinated NY state resident, human to dog transmission of monkeypox virus, Tecovirimat and the treatment of monkeypox, detection of asymptomatic monkeypox virus infections among male sexual health clinic attendees in Belgium, what to do if you are exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and isolation and precautions for people with COVID-19, risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers, effectiveness of HEPA filters at removing infectious SARS-CoV-2 from the air, Pfizer reports additional data on Paxlovid, hospitalization encounters for infection after Paxlovid, a randomized trial of Metformin, Ivermectin, and Fluvoxamine, and readmissions, post-discharge mortality and sustained recovery among patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Response to Polio case in an unvaccinated person in New York (CDC) Human to dog transmission of Monkeypox virus (The Lancet) Tecovirimat for the treatment of Monkeypox (NEJM) Detection of asymptomatic Monkeypox among Belgian men (Nature Medicine) Exposure to disease and precautions (CDC) Risk of infection in healthcare workers (JAMA) Effectiveness of HEPA filters (ASM) PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA) Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)  Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA) Pfizer reports additional data on PAXLOVID (Pfizer) Hospitalization encounters for infection after PAXLOVID (CDC) Trial for Metformin, Ivermectin, and Fluvoxamine (NEJM) Readmission, post-discharge mortality, recovery among patients (IDSA) Contribute to Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB Dr. Griffin’s treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 928 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Michael Merchlinsky joins TWiV to discuss the development of two smallpox antiviral drugs and two smallpox vaccines and their uses during the monkeypox outbreak. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler Guest: Michael Merchlinsky Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Michael on Anything but academic (TWiM 145) Development of Tecoviromat (TPOXX) (Antiviral Res) Use of Jynneos vaccine (MMWR) Limitations of Tecoviromat (NEJM) Poliovirus in NYC wastewater (NY Times) Letters read on TWiV 927 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Duke Ellington and his Orchestra. Signature song: Take The A Train; Signature album: Black, Brown, And Beige and Herding Cats: Harlem 1958 Kathy – How the US Postal Service reads terrible handwriting Rich – JWST/chorizo gag Vincent – Bat Conservation Trust Listener Picks Bill – The End of Manual Transmission J – How the Krebs cycle powers life and death – with Nick Lane Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses guidance for prevention and treatment of monkeypox, post-infectious symptoms among children and adolescents, profiling post-infectious syndromes of different variants, comparison of vaccine Ankara vs intradermal routes of administration, infection in vaccinated individuals treated with or without PAXLOVID, duration of symptoms with positive rapid antigen after infection, epidemiologic characteristics of monkeypox, and sequelae of post-acute infection. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Guidance for prevention & treatment of Monkeypox (CDC) Post-infection symptoms among children and adolescents (CDC)  Profiling post-infection syndromes in different variants (medRxiv) Comparison  of vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vs intradermal routes of administration (NIH) PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA) Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)  Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA) Infection in vaccinated individuals treated with or without PAXLOVID (medRxiv) Duration of symptoms with positive rapid antigen after infection (J Virological Methods) Epidemiologic characteristics of Monkeypox (CDC) Sequelae of post-acute infection (ScienceDirect)  Contribute to Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB Dr. Griffin’s treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 926 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV discusses monkeypox virus, poliovirus in NY, Marburg virus in Ghana, ancient herpes simplex virus type 1 genomes, and immunogenicity of different combinations of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode How monkeypox virus spreads (CDC) Vaccination against monkeypox virus (CDC) Monkeypox case trends (CDC) Polio in New York State (NY Dept of Health) Poliovirus in NY wastewater (NBC New York) Marburg disease in Ghana (WHO) Ancient herpesvirus genomes (Sci Adv) Combinations of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (Cell Rep Medicine) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – Everyone Loses on Jeopardy Eventually Kathy – Climate spiral  followed by Carl Sagan Rich – Most Popular Desktop Browsers 1993 – 2022 Alan – I Am Promise Vincent – Polio in New York Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses Tecovirimat for treatment of monkeypox, the safety and acceptance of vaccination after multisystem inflammatory syndrome, variants in solid organ transplant recipients, masks for prevention of respiratory virus infections, pre-exposure prophylaxis with Evusheld, the association between Evusheld administration and infection,  if repeat administration of casirivimab and imdevimab is well-tolerated, viral and symptom rebound in untreated infection, extended Remdesivir infusion for persistent infection, Baricitinib in patients admitted with infection, and cognitive impairment 13 months after hospitalization. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Armchair Expert with Malcolm Gladwell Tecovirimat for treatment of monkeypox (OFID) Safety and acceptance of vaccination after MIS (JPID) Is variant less virulent in solid organ transplant recipients (Transplant Infectious Disease) Masks for prevention of respiratory virus infections (Annals of Internal Medicine) Pre-exposure prophylaxis with Evusheld (CMI) Association between Evusheld administration and infection (CID) Repeat administration of casirivimab and imdevimab well-tolerated (ISID) PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA) Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)  Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA) Viral and symptom rebound in untreated infection (medRxiv) Extended Remdesivir infusion for persistent infection (OFID) Baricitinib in patients admitted with infection (The Lancet) Cognitive Impairment 13 months after hospitalization (OFID) Contribute to Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB Dr. Griffin’s treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 924 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

From The Third International Symposium on Infectious Diseases of Bats in Ft. Collins, Colorado, TWiV speaks with Vincent Munster and Raina Plowright about their careers and their research on bats, bat viruses, bat ecology and spillover events. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Brianne Barker Guests: Vincent Munster and Raina Plowright Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Novel Hendra virus variant in Australia (Emerg Inf Dis) Nipah virus detection after spillover events (Emerg Inf Dis) Want to prevent pandemics? Stop spillovers (Nature) Ecological countermeasures to prevent zoonoses (Restor Ecol) Land-use induced spillovers (Lancet Planet Health) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses monkeypox infection in humans across 16 countries, pregnancy outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection by trimester, vaccination intent and belief, antiviral drug treatment for non-severe disease, the association of smoking with infected hospitalized patients, the association of Paxlovid on negative conversion rates among high-risk patients with COVID-19, safety and efficacy of Molnupiravir, usage of enoxaparin for primary thromboprophylaxis, statin and aspirin as therapy in infected patients, post-COVID-19 conditions among children 90 days after SARS-CoV-2 Infection, and symptoms and risk factors for long COVID in non-hospitalized adults. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Monkeypox infection in humans (NEJM) Pregnancy outcomes after infection (PLOS ONE) Vaccination intent and belief (Emerging Infectious Diseases) Antiviral drug treatment for non-severe disease (CMAJ) Smoking association with infected hospitalized patients (PLOS ONE) Impact of Paxlovid on negative conversion rates (CID) PAXLOVID patient eligibility screening checklist (FDA) Remdesivir fact sheet for providers (Veklury)  Bebtelovimab fact sheet for providers (FDA) Safety and efficacy of Molnupiravir (Journal of Medical Virology) Enoxaparin for primary thromboprophylaxis (OVID) Statin and aspirin as therapy in infected patients (BMC) Post-infection conditions among children (JAMA) Symptoms and risk factors for long-term effects (Nature Medicine)  Contribute to FIMRC fundraiser at PWB Dr. Griffin’s treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 922 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv