Black and Highly Dangerous

In celebration of Father’s Day, Ty and Daphne discuss parenthood with two very special guests—their fathers. Mr. Irving Penn (Daphne’s dad) and Mr. Cornelius Connor (Ty’s dad) discuss their feelings on becoming fathers (22:08) and the joys of fatherhood (24:00). We then have a conversation about what they find/found most difficult about being a dad (26:14), the mistakes they made as first time fathers (35:15), and their biggest fears related to their children (43:05). Mr. Connor and Mr. Penn also share stories about raising Ty and Daphne (48:13), their hopes for their children (53:03), and lessons that they tried to teach their children (56:26). We close the interview by discussing how fathers and fatherhood have changed over the years (1:01:28) and advice they would provide to millennial dads (1:11:45).   Other Topics Include: 00:30 - Catch up with Ty and Daphne 03:09 - BhD “Oh Lawd” News Segment 11:18 - Introduction of the Topic 13:55 - Should Single Mothers Be Honored on Father’s Day? 15:08 - Black TV Snippets about Fatherhood 20:00 - Learn more about the dads 1:16:50 - The importance of trades   Resources: The Myth of the Absent Black Father - https://thinkprogress.org/the-myth-of-the-absent-black-father-ecc4e961c2e8/ Survey Finds Dads Defy Stereotypes about Black Fatherhood- http://articles.latimes.com/2013/dec/20/local/la-me-black-dads-20131221 The 40 Highest-Paying Jobs You Can Get Without a Bachelor’s Degree - http://www.businessinsider.com/high-paying-jobs-dont-require-bachelors-degree-2015-10

The recent NFL national anthem policy has sparked a number of conversations about the status and treatment of black athletes in professional sports. Today, we are joined by Dr. Arthur Banton, an assistant professor of History at Tennessee Tech University and scholar of media and culture, to discuss the state and role of the black athlete in current and historical protests. We begin by discussing the history of black protest in athletics (20:40) and how the current atmosphere of professional sports shapes athletes’ willingness to engage in social commentary and activism (24:50). We then have a conversation about the NFL kneeling-ban (29:50) and how the NFL’s response compares to the response of other professional leagues (35:22)—especially the NBA (36:22). We then turn our attention to the NCAA and whether college athletes should be paid (46:30) and black women in professional sports (53:57). We close by discussing why this topic matters, where black athletes fit in the larger conversations about inequality, whether these protests have an impact, and what we should pay attention to as the issue continues to unfold (59:28-1:12:10).   Other Topics Include: 00:30 - Catch up with Ty and Daphne 02:25 - BhD “Oh Lawd” News Segment 14:48 - Overview of the Topic 17:10 - Learn more about Dr. Arthur Banton 1:16:08 - Ty and Daphne reflect on the interview   Resources: Dr. Arthur Banton’s Website - https://www.urbanculturescholar.com/ National Anthem Protests by Black Athletes Have a Long History - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/25/sports/national-anthem-protests-black-athletes.html  Last Week Tonight NCAA Segment - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pX8BXH3SJn0

The United States is currently facing a student loan crisis. At almost $1.5 trillion, student loan debt is impacting the health, wealth, and happiness of millennials, especially black millennials who are more likely than their white counterparts to default on their student loans. Today’s episode addresses the various reasons black Americans are disproportionately impacted by the student loan crisis, including the lack of generational wealth (21:35), limited information about college admissions and financial aid (22:25), and the Great Recession coupled with job/wage discrimination (31:40). We also discuss the role of for-profit colleges in driving the loan and default crisis faced by black Americans (33:33). We provide insight into key differences between for-profit and traditional universities (41:50), discuss research on the job prospects and outcomes of for-profit college graduates (45:15), and highlight the predatory practices of for profit colleges (48:10). We then discuss solutions that current and future students should consider to limit student loan debt while also increasing their earning potential. Solutions include free or low-cost community colleges (52:35), high-paying trades that do not require a four-year degree (1:00:26), 529 college savings/investment plans (1:10:10), and the G.I. Bill (1:13:48). We close by discussing the factors that students should consider if they forego these solutions and, instead, pursue a for-profit college degree (1:15:00).   Other Topics Include: 00:30 - Catch up with Ty and Daphne 03:20 - BhD “Oh Lawd” News Segment 18:30 - The Student Loan Bubble 36:30 - Trump and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau 1:17:50 - The Myth Behind Student Job "Placement" of For-Profit Colleges   Resources: The Student Loan Crisis: Congress and the Private Sector Must Go All In, Now - http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/education/384748-the-student-loan-crisis-congress-and-the-private-sector-must-go More Student are Taking on Crippling Debt They Can’t Repay-It’s Time for Higher Education to Share the Risks - https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2018/02/16/more-students-are-taking-on-crippling-debt-they-cant-repay-its-time-for-higher-education-to-share-the-risks/ New Federal Data Show a Student Loan Crisis for African American Borrowers - https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/education-postsecondary/news/2017/10/16/440711/new-federal-data-show-student-loan-crisis-african-american-borrowers/ Default Crisis for Black Student Borrowers - https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/10/17/half-black-student-loan-borrowers-default-new-federal-data-show The Empty Promises of For-Profit Colleges - https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/09/the-failure-of-for-profit-colleges/405301/ The 40 Highest-Paying Jobs You Can Get Without a Bachelor’s Degree - http://www.businessinsider.com/high-paying-jobs-dont-require-bachelors-degree-2015-10 529 College Savings Plan - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/get-there/wp/2018/05/22/why-people-get-wrong-about-529-college-savings-plans/?utm_term=.6f9a2a775b37

In the past 5 months, more U.S. students have been killed in school shootings than  U.S. military personnel serving in combat operations. Following each devastating mass shooting, victims and survivors are offered thoughts and prayers. BhD wants to go beyond thoughts and prayers and discuss how we reached this point in regard to gun violence and the barriers to making change to our system. We begin by discussing our own experiences with guns (16:00), the right to bear arms (20:45), and how guns have changed over time (23:25). We then discuss the history of the NRA (25:15), its connection to the Black Panther Party (28:40), and the rise of gun ownership among black Americans (33:00). We then provide a snapshot of gun ownership and policy in America (35:00), the myths about between guns and safety/crime (44:46), mass shootings (54:00) and the impact of gun violence on women and children (1:04:35). We close by discussing what works and what doesn’t work in regard to gun reform, such as background checks (1:09:05), gun buyback programs (1:17:40), banning semi-automatic and automatic weapons (1:20:14), stricter gun registration (1:22:50), and regulating the sell of guns (1:25:00).   Other Topics Include: 00:30 - Catch up with Ty and Daphne 02:53 - BhD “Oh Lawd” News Segment 37:45 - Politics of and beliefs about gun reform 40:20 - Background checks for buying guns 48:20 - Can good guys with guns really stop bad guys with guns? 51:50 - The link between guns and crime. 54:00 - The prevalence of mass school shootings 56:00 - Barriers to assessing the prevalence of gun violence 58:00 - The link between guns and the suicide rates 1:01:39 - Can gun reform reduce violent crime rates   1:29:00 - Gun Reform in the UK   Resources Snapshot of American Gun Ownership - http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/06/22/key-takeaways-on-americans-views-of-guns-and-gun-ownership/ Guns and race: The different worlds of black and white Americans - https://www.brookings.edu/blog/social-mobility-memos/2015/12/15/guns-and-race-the-different-worlds-of-black-and-white-americans/ African-American gun club says membership surged in Trump era - https://www.cnn.com/2017/02/27/us/african-american-gun-club-trump/index.html How the Black Panthers Inspired California’s Strict Gun Laws - https://www.history.com/news/black-panthers-gun-control-nra-support-mulford-act Violence Policy Center - http://www.vpc.org

Statistics indicate that black mothers and infants in the United States are more likely than their white counterparts to die from pregnancy-related causes. Given that this trend remains consistent across all education and socioeconomic levels, some commentators and scholars have attributed the black-white disparity in maternal health outcomes to the lived experience of being both black and a woman in America. Today, we unpack this issue by interviewing Dr. Nicole Sparks, a third-year OB/GYN resident in Savannah Georgia and graduate of Florida State University College of Medicine. We begin by discussing her motivation for pursuing a career in women’s health (22:45), how she balances motherhood, medicine, and being a wife (23:57), and factors that professional women should consider when delaying family planning (26:00). We then discuss the state of black women’s health care (28:26), “weathering” and discrimination in healthcare (31:00), and how women can better advocate for themselves (36:07). We also have a conversation about the health issues that disproportionately impact black mothers (39:27), how women can remain healthy during pregnancy (42:29), family planning and contraceptive options (47:52), and advice to women trying to become pregnant (1:00:11). We close by discussing resources for women seeking health services (1:05:25).   Other Topics Include: 00:30 - Catch up with Ty and Daphne 02:46 - BhD “Oh Lawd” News Segment 20:45 - Introduction of the Topic 22:30 - Learn more about Dr. Sparks 32:56 - Women’s Health in the US versus Other Countries* 45:17 - Do Pregnant Women REALLY need to eat for 2? 52:36 - Male Contraception/Birth Control 1:10:02 - Ty and Daphne reflect on the interview   *Correction: Second, not first, generation African immigrants had babies with lower birth weights after living in the US.     Resources Dr. Nicole Sparks’ Medicine, Motherhood, and Motivation Website - https://www.nikkisparksmd.com Why America’s Black Mothers and Babies are in a Life-or-Death Crisis -  https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/11/magazine/black-mothers-babies-death-maternal-mortality.html Black Mothers Keep Dying After Giving Birth. Shalon Irving Explains Why - https://www.npr.org/2017/12/07/568948782/black-mothers-keep-dying-after-giving-birth-shalon-irvings-story-explains-why Childbirth is Killing Black Women in the US, and Here’s Why - https://www.cnn.com/2017/11/15/health/black-women-maternal-mortality/index.html Male Birth Control Shot Found Effective, but Side Effects Cut Study Short - https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/30/health/male-birth-control/index.html New Male Birth Control Might Cause Weight Gain, Boo Hoo - https://www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/a19575819/new-male-birth-control-pill-side-effect/

In celebration of Mother’s Day, Ty and Daphne discuss the joys and struggles of motherhood with two very special guests—their mothers. Mrs. Francine Connor (Ty’s mom) and Mrs. Myra Armstrong (Daphne’s mom) discuss their feelings about becoming mothers and how they dealt with nervousness (28:54), provide advice to first time mothers (38:58), and discuss mistakes they made as first time mothers (46:08). Mrs. Connor and Mrs. Armstrong also share stories about Ty and Daphne’s funny and naughty childhood moments (53:25), how their lives changed after motherhood (59:57), and their biggest fears as mothers (1:05:41). We close the interview by discussing how mothers and motherhood has changed over the years (1:11:20) and advice Mrs. Connor and Mrs. Armstrong would provide to millennial moms (1:15:45).   Other Topics Include: 00:30 - Catch up with Ty and Daphne 02:12 - BhD “Oh Lawd” News Segment 18:38 - Introduction of the Topic 22:00 - Black TV Snippets about Motherhood 26:55 - Learn More About the Mothers 49:08 - Easiest and Most Difficult Periods of Motherhood 1:02:15 - The Great Spanking Debate   Resources:   How to Keep Your Sleeping Baby Safe - https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/A-Parents-Guide-to-Safe-Sleep.aspx American Academy of Pediatrics Safe Sleep Resources - https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/Committees-Councils-Sections/Child-Death-Review/Pages/Safe-Sleep.aspx

With the upcoming midterm elections, voting and voting rights have once again become hot topics of discussion. Today we interview Dr. Ariel White an assistant professor of Political Science at MIT who studies voting and voting rights, race, and the criminal justice system. We begin by discussing common misconceptions about voting (18:03), the importance of studying race and criminal justice within the context of voting and voting rights (20:55), and restoring the voting rights of parolees (23:00). We also discuss recent changes to the Voting Rights Act (25:55), trends in voting related to race and the factors that contribute to potential differences by race (28:40), how party politics might shape voting and turnout (31:00), and the role of threat and immigration on voter mobilization (33:00). We close the interview by discussing barriers to voting and how to combat efforts to make voting more difficult (39:52).   Other Topics Include: 00:30 - Catch up with Ty and Daphne 01:35 - BhD “Oh Lawd” News Segment 12:57 - Snippets of MLK and Obama on voting 15:32 - Introduction of the Topic 16:17 - Learn more about Dr. Ariel White 37:10 - Dr. White shares info about her research on criminal justice and voting 45:35 - Ty and Daphne reflect on the interview   Resources Dr. Ariel White’s Faculty Page: https://polisci.mit.edu/people/ariel-white Dr. Ariel White’s Twitter: @ArielRWhite “The Entirely Preventable Battle Raging Over Voting Rights” - https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/04/shelby-county-v-holder-voting-rights-supreme-court/522867/ “Supreme Court Blacks North Carolina from Restoring Strict Voting Law” - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/01/us/politics/north-carolina-supreme-court-voting-rights-act.html Gov. Andrew Cuomo Gives Parolees the Right to Vote in His State” - https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/18/us/parolees-right-to-vote-new-york-trnd/index.html Traci Burch’s Faculty Page (Scholar on Political Participation) - https://www.polisci.northwestern.edu/people/core-faculty/traci-burch.html

With her powerful and entertaining Coachella performance celebrating HBCU culture, Beyonce recently reinvigorated the HBCU versus PWI debate that resurfaces every few months on black twitter. In this episode, we’ll add to that conversation by interviewing Dr. Eric O’Rear, a HBCU graduate and research economists and Dr. Jennifer Elegbede a black PWI graduate and product development scientist. We each begin by discussing our decision to attend our respective schools (21:36) as well as the bright spots (27:57) and drawbacks (33:10) of HBCU/PWI life. We also tackle the controversial questions of whether HBCUs are still necessary in the 21st century (51:22), whether HBCUs and PWIs are equally rigorous (1:00:15), and whether either type of institution is better able to prepare graduates for the “real world”(1:14:15). We close on a lighter note by discussing HBCU vs. PWI homecomings (1:21:10) and greek life at both institutions (1:24:38).    Other Topics Include:  00:30 - Catch up with Ty and Daphne  2:00 - BhD "Oh Lawd " News Segment  14:10 - Clip from "A Different World" 15:05 - Introduction of the Topic  16:58 - Learn more about our Jennifer and Eric 45:33 - Fundraising at HBCUs and whether black alumni should give more 48:46 - The HBCU graduate school experience  56:40 - HBCU and black success 1:08:05 - Would you choose a PWI or HBCU for your child?    Resources: “Projecting False Truths: The 4.0 GPA at an HBCU vs. a PWI”- http://www.theedadvocate.org/projecting-false-truths-the-4-0-gpa-at-an-hbcu-vs-a-pwi/ “A Look at Historically Black Colleges and Universities as Howard turns 150” - http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/02/28/a-look-at-historically-black-colleges-and-universities-as-howard-turns-150/    “HBCU Alumni are Thriving More than Black Grads of Other Schools, Study Shows” - https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/hbcu-alumni-are-thriving-more-than-black-grads-of-other-schools-study-shows_us_56310c1be4b0631799107aaa

In recent years, marijuana has been the subject of much debate as states across the country consider decriminalizing and/or legalizing the drug for recreational use. In today’s episode, we discuss the history of marijuana in the United States (20:25) and the roles of race and money in the rise of marijuana drug laws (21:45). We also address the question of whether marijuana is a gateway drug (27:00) and how it compares to other drugs, such as alcohol, tobacco, and opioids (32:46). We then discuss the billion dollar business of marijuana (40:05), race and the corporatization and monopolization of marijuana (45:40), and the rules and repercussions of smoking weed in the era of legalization (58:40). We close by discussing the potential unintended consequences, myths, and realities of marijuana usage and legalization in the United States (1:02:25).    Other Topics  00:30 - Catch up with Ty and Daphne  02:10 - BhD “Oh Lawd” News  07:02 - 4-20 Game: Top 10 Professions that Smoke Weed 15:53 - Classic “Friday" Clips  18:40 - Introduction of the Topic 29:18 - Race, The War on Drugs, and Punitive Approaches to Marijuana Drug Usage  52:30 - Is medicinal marijuana the answer to the opioid crisis? 55:55 - Is there a link between marijuana and crime?    Resources:  https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/24/marijuana-safer-than-alcohol-tobacco_n_6738572.html  https://www.forbes.com/sites/monazhang/2018/02/26/nevada-makes-30-million-in-marijuana-taxes-during-first-six-months-of-sales/#33bef3253a7f https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/19/benefits-legalizing-weed-by-the-numbers_n_5173785.html  http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/10/12/support-for-marijuana-legalization-continues-to-rise/  http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/04/14/6-facts-about-marijuana/ 

The focus of today’s conversation is hip hop, popular culture, and the representation of blackness in the media. We interviewed Dr. Mark Anthony Neal, a Professor of Black Popular Culture in the Department of African and African-American Studies at Duke University. We begin the interview by discussing the current state of hip-hop and its cultural influences (22:04) and differences between historical and contemporary hip-hop (24:00). We also focus on how black male identity is constructed in the media and popular culture (25:45) and how black male identity in hip hop has evolved over time (27:43). Moreover, we discuss femininity and female identity in hip-hop  (29:34) and how the performance of femininity shapes popularity in music and entertainment (33:08). We close the interview by discussing how the cultural scripts imposed on black men are used to justify violence against black bodies (35:34), the transformation of Jay-Z and hip-hop (38:04), barriers to promoting alternative hip-hop and art (41:35), and the relationship between black popular culture and social change (47:32).   Other Topics Include: 00:30 - Catch up with Ty and Daphne 2:40 - BhD “Oh Lawd” News Segment 08:17 - Ty and Daphne Discuss Entertainment News for the Week 11:24- Representation of Black Men in the Media 20:25 - Learn More about Dr. Neal 44:55 - Black representation on the Big and Small Screen 50:25 - Ty and Daphne reflect on the interview   Resources: Dr. Mark Anthony Neal’s Twitter @NewBlackMan | Instagram- @bookerbbbrown Dr. Brittany Cooper’s Academic Wesbite - http://africanastudies.rutgers.edu/faculty-mainmenu-134/core-faculty/140-brittney-cooper Treva Lindsay - https://wgss.osu.edu/people/lindsey.268

Generally described as a process that results in the displacement of economically disadvantaged people of color, gentrification has taken on a negative connotation and remains an emotionally and racially charged issue. But is the negative perception of gentrification warranted? Is it always a bad thing? Are there ways to responsibly reinvest in economically depressed neighborhoods? Today, we tackle these questions with Dr. Lance Freeman, a Professor in the Urban Planning program at Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation. We begin by defining gentrification (19:20) and highlighting common misconceptions on the topic (21:47). We then discuss the relationship between gentrification and displacement (25:10), the role of race in gentrification (33:13), whether gentrification can positively impact a neighborhood (40:00), and the relationship between gentrification, crime, and policing (43:33). Dr. Freeman closes the interview by discussing how to maximize the benefits and minimize harm associated with gentrification (1:00:46) and providing advice to individuals who feel pushed out of their neighborhoods (1:06:55).   Other Topics Include: 00:30 - Ty and Daphne Discuss Recent News 12:35 - Boyz in the Hood Gentrification Clip 14:53 - Introduction of the Topic 15:50 - Learn more about Dr. Freeman 48:40 -  What motivates the negative perception of gentrification? 53:44 - How has the public and academics received Dr. Freeman’s research? 1:10:16 - Ty and Daphne reflect on the interview   Resources There Goes the 'Hood: Views of Gentrification from the Ground Up - http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/1827_reg.html Five Myths of Gentrification - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/five-myths-about-gentrification/2016/06/03/b6c80e56-1ba5-11e6-8c7b-6931e66333e7_story.html?utm_term=.1e9ac7f32276 Gentrification without displacement': Wire actor's property plan causes storm - https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/mar/28/weldell-pierce-gentrification-without-displacement-wire-actors-property-plan-causes-storm

The governmental and media response to the recent opioid crisis, which rejects the flawed ideology that we can arrest our way out of the problem, stands in stark contrast to our nation’s historical approach to fighting drug abuse.  In this episode, we discuss the roles of race, politics, and class in shaping the conversation around drug abuse in America and the public health versus punitive approaches to solving the problem. Specifically, we discuss historical versus contemporary framing of drug addiction (26:00), our nation’s transition from the War on Poverty to the racialized War on Drugs (29:20), the portrayal of Black Americans and black culture in punitive policy efforts (36:08), the politics and unintended consequences of drug policy (41:35), race and discrepancies in drug sentencing (51:00), the bipartisan nature of punitive drug policy (58:00), the rise in private prisons and mass incarceration (1:01:11), and the role of drug policy in disrupting the black family (1:04:56). We close our conversation by discussing the origins and face of the current opioid crisis, the role of race and class in the public health—rather than punitive—response to drug abuse (1:10:10), equitable ways to address drug abuse in America (1:18:55), and Trump’s three-prong opioid plan (1:21:05).    Other Topics Include  00:27 - Catch up with Ty and Daphne  01:57 - Thoughts on the March for Our Lives Rally  07:35 - Media Portrayal of the Austin Bomber 10:47 - Thoughts on Sacramento Police Shooting  15:33 - Clip of Ronald and Nancy Reagan discussing the War on Drugs  19:04 - Clip of George H.W. Bush discussing the crack epidemic  20:35 - Clip of Trump discussing the impact of the opioid crisis 24:16 - Introduction of the Topic, “War on Drugs” 40:00 - The Origins and Rise of Crack Cocaine in Communities of Color  54:30 - Breaking Bad the Portrayal of White Drug Addiction 1:00:15 - Civil Asset Forfeiture    Resources  From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime - https://www.amazon.com/War-Poverty-Crime-Incarceration-America/dp/0674737237 The 13th - https://www.netflix.com/title/80091741  New Jim Crow - http://newjimcrow.com  The House I Live In - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QsBDvxy5qQY 

Often perceived as a “white” issue or a problem best handled by the church, mental health is a subject that has historically been absent from the public discourse in the black community. In this interview with Dr. Shavonne Moore, licensed psychologist and Director of Clinical Training at The Chicago School of Professional Psychology - DC Campus, we attempt to de-stigmatize mental health problems and shed light on the importance of improving mental wellbeing in the black community. Specifically, we define mental health (10:30) and address the state of mental health in the black community (12:15). We also discuss how to maintain a mentally healthy lifestyle (15:06), generational differences in mental health treatment (27:03), the role of technology in making mental health care more accessible (31:34), religion, spirituality, and mental health treatment (36:55), strategies for dealing with stress and mental health (43:30), how to cope with loss and grief (47:10), and the importance of fit between the therapist and client (58:55).   Other Topics Include: 00:30 - Catch up with Ty and Daphne 08:20 - Learn more about Dr. Moore’s background 18:24 - The fear and stigma associated with seeking help 21:09 - What does a therapy session look like? 25:08 - Resources for people without access to health care or insurance    54:30 - How to find a mental health professional 1:03:15- Ty and Daphne reflect on the interview   Resources: Psychology Today (find mental health providers: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us) Healthcare for the Homeless Directory - https://www.nhchc.org/resources/grantees/national-hch-grantee-directory/ Talkspace Online Therapy - https://www.talkspace.com National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) - https://www.nami.org National Suicide Prevention Lifeline - 1-800-273-TALK/1-800-273-8255

The Sixth Amendment guarantees the rights of individuals to a public trial, the right to a lawyer, and the right to an impartial jury. However, with a broken criminal justice system and underfunded and overburdened public defense system,  many of our nation’s most vulnerable citizens lack proper representation and few receive their day in court. Today we look take a look at the public defense system and how it impacts people of color by interviewing Ashley Adams, a staff attorney at non-profit organization and former public defender in Alabama. In the interview we discuss the importance of using a sociological lens to understand legal outcomes (12:30), the role of public defenders in the criminal justice system (16:25), how money and privilege impacts legal outcomes (29:45), gender, motherhood, and intersectionality in the courtroom (36:45), the plea bargain process and the cost of pleading not guilty (43:10), how we bring justice back into the justice system (57:00), and common mistakes that people make when entering the legal system (1:00:30).   Other Topics Include: 10:00 - Learn more about Ashley’s background 20:06 - Gideon’s Army and the life of public defenders 24:25 - The difference between private defense attorneys and public defenders 1:05:20 - Resources for seeking legal counsel 1:07:30 - Advice for future public defenders 1:10:58 - Ty and Daphne reflect on the interview   Resources: Gideon’s Army Documentary - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EQ7G1KKFZPQ Legal Aid Resource by State - http://www.ncsc.org/topics/legal-services/legal-aid-pro-bono/state-links.aspx Southern Poverty Law Center - https://www.splcenter.org Southern Center for Human Right - https://www.schr.org Equal Justice Initiative - https://eji.org  Innocence Project - https://www.innocenceproject.org

What does it mean to sound black? What roles do language and dialect play in racial stereotyping and prejudice? How do we de-stigmatize African American English (AAE)? Today, we examine these and other questions in our interview with Dr. Nicole Holliday—assistant professor of Linguistics and Cognitive Science at Pomona College. In this interview, we discuss the difference between Standard English and AAE (23:26), the origin and politics of “Ebonics” and its use in the classroom (26:47), the structure of AAE (34:45), the perception of AAE as a cultural deficit (36:45), the relationship between dialect and socioeconomic status (41:11), race and how politicians use language and dialect to connect with voters (45:55), how language and tone of voice can contribute to negative stereotyping and interactions (49:45), and how to remove the stigma associated with AAE and regional dialects (56:00).   Other Topics Include: 00:30 - Catch up with Ty and Daphne 10:00 - Code-Switch Game w/ Ty and Daphne 17:30 - Introduction of Topic 20:00 - What does it mean to study linguistics? 33:00 - How do you capture language in a research study? 51:54 - Role of Language in Sandra Bland Case 1:03:54 - Diversity in the field of Linguistics 1:09:00 - Ty and Daphne reflect on the interview   Resources: Oakland Ebonics Controversy - http://www.english.illinois.edu/-people-/faculty/debaron/403/403%20mne/ebonics.pdf AAE/Ebonics Jeopardy - https://jeopardylabs.com/play/ebonics2 “Sandra Bland: Talking While Black” article by Nicole Holliday and colleagues  - http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=20746 “Language and Linguistics on Trial: Hearing Rachel Jeantel” article  - https://www.linguisticsociety.org/sites/default/files/Rickford_92_4.pdf  How to reach Dr. Nicole Holliday - @MixedLinguist (twitter) and https://nicolerholliday.wordpress.com