New Books in Gender Studies

Jenny KaminerView on AmazonJenny Kaminer's new book, Women with a Thirst for Destruction: The Bad Mother in Russian Culture (Northwestern University Press, 2014) analyzes Russian myths of motherhood over time and in particular, the evolving myths of the figure of the "bad mother." Her study examines how political, religious, economic, social, and cultural factors affect Russians' conception of motherhood throughout history: what motherhood is, and what it should be. Kaminer focuses on three critical periods of transformation and consolidation: the abolition of serfdom in 1861, the 1917 Russian Revolution, and the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s. She investigates how good and bad mothers are depicted in various works of literature and culture, from Anna Karenina to media depictions of Chechen female suicide bombers in 2002. Winner of the 2014 Prize for Best Book in Slavic/Eastern European/Eurasian Women's Studies from the Association for Women in Slavic Studies.

Rachel MeschView on Amazon[Cross-posted from New Books in French Studies] Rachel Mesch's new book, Having It All in the Belle Epoque: How French Women's Magazines Invented the Modern Woman (Stanford University Press, 2013), is a fascinating study of Femina and La Vie Heureuse, the first French magazines to use photography to depict and appeal to women readers and consumers. Divided into two parts focused on "Readers and Writers" and "Texts and Contexts," the book examines the multiple ways these magazines represented and shaped women's lives in the years prior to the First World War.  Wide-ranging and rich in textual evidence and illustration, Mesch's account reveals much about how ideas and ideals about French women and femininity in these magazines engaged and interrogated both modernity and tradition. The book explores a series of questions raised in and by the pages of these publications: How should women balance work and home? What did marriage mean, and what were the keys its success? What was feminism in France, and how did this compare to other national feminisms? What impact did key female (literary and other) celebrities in France have on broader societal attitudes about women's roles and possibilities as consumers and producers of culture? Asking the question "Did women have a Belle Epoque?" Having It All… is a study that explores some of the early twentieth-century  history of concerns and debates that remain extremely relevant to women's lives into the twenty-first century. Readers will find in this book a rich archive that illuminates the history of women readers and writers before World War I while offering a longer-term perspective on the ways we think about the complexities of femininity and feminism (and their relationships to one another) up to the present day. Along these lines, the author has shared her research more widely in publications such as Slate, and on her blog Plus ça change.

Laura Mattoon D’AmoreView on Amazon[Cross-posted from New Books in Film] One of the continuing issues of the entertainment industry is the treatment of women in movies and television. Even with a larger number of female writers, producers, and directors, roles often follow stereotypical and negative conventions. In her new book Smart Chicks on Screen: Representing Women's Intellect in Film and Television (Rowman and Littlefield, 2014), Laura Mattoon D'Amore brought together 13 writers to discuss issues of the depiction of the intelligence of women on film and in television. The articles cover from the 1950s to present day and include interesting views of the depiction of females in both traditional roles and in newer settings. The four writers interviewed with Laura are: Stephen R. Duncan, who discusses the actress Judy Holliday and how her image was altered by the Cold War red scare. Stefania Marghitu, who examines the character of Peggy Olson from Mad Men, comparing her actions in the 1960s from the perspective of twenty first-century writers. De Anna J. Reese, who details how Kerry Washington is able to present a viable version of a black woman with power who is able to keep her racial and gender identity. Amanda Stone, who discusses the importance of the female characters of the popular series, The Big Bang Theory. These writers represent a great cross-section of ideas related to gender and intelligence that runs through the book.

Wai-yee LiView on Amazon[Cross-posted from New Books in East Asian Studies] Wai-yee Li's new book explores writing around the Ming-Qing transition in seventeenth-century China, paying careful attention to the relationships of history and literature in writing by women, about women, and/or in a feminine voice. In a series of chapters that showcase exceptionally thoughtful, virtuosic readings of a wide range of texts, Women and Trauma in Late Imperial Chinese Literature (Harvard University Asia Center, 2014) considers how conceptions of gender mediate experiences of political disorder. The first two chapters trace, in turn, the appropriation of feminine diction by men via a poetics of indirectness, and the use of masculine diction by women as a means of creating a space for political and historical engagement. The book continues from there to consider tropes of avenging female heroes, courageous concubines and courtesans, poet-historians and female knight-errants, chastity martyrs and abducted women, massacre and redemption. The conclusions to each chapter follow these seventeenth-century threads of discourse as they continue to weave themselves into the literature of modern China.  It is a thoughtfully conceived and elegantly written study that serves simultaneously as a compellingly argued story and a reference packed with detailed readings of gorgeously translated primary texts.

Edward Ross DickinsonView on Amazon[Cross-posted from New Books in Intellectual History]  In this interview with historian Edward Ross Dickinson we talk about sex. Well, actually we talk about the talk about sex. Since Michel Foucault's epochal work History of Sexuality (1976) how moderns talked about sex has been a central concern of cultural and intellectual historians. Foucault linked a number of nineteenth-century phenomena, such as the growth of sexology as a discipline and the pathologization of homosexuality, to the formation of new sexual subjectivities and the emergence of biopolitical strategies of population management. Taking a cue from Foucault, some historians of modern Germany have interpreted the talk about sex and reproduction in the Kaiserreich as the foundational stage of a discourse about eugenics that would ultimately contribute to National Socialism and its racial state. In his book Sex, Freedom and Power in Imperial Germany 1880-1914 (Cambridge University Press, 2014), Dickinson challenges this view. He likens German sex talk to a barroom brawl that started at one table and spread across a crowded room. Sex was as a field of contestation, involving Christian moralists, sex reformers and sexologists, each tied to social and political interests. In this interview, we discuss the different anthropologies that undergirded the respective positions. Christian (and some Jewish) morality activists argued that sex had to be overcome through the moral virtue, while sex reformers and sexologists understood sex in a monist vein, as a natural drive and the engine of creative production and human biological and social evolution.

Harleen SinghView on Amazon[Cross-posted from New Books in South Asian Studies] The Rani of Jhansi was and is many things to many people. In her beautifully written book The Rani of Jhansi: Gender, History, and Fable in India (Cambridge University Press, 2014), Harleen Singh explores four representations of the famous warrior queen who led her troops into battle against the British. Analysing her various representations – as a sexually promiscuous Indian whore, a heroic Aryan, a great nationalist and a folk symbol of indigenous resistance – the book critically discusses what wider issues are stake in these depictions of such a mythical and marginal woman.

Sahar AmerView on Amazon[Cross-posted from New Books in Islamic Studies] There are few concepts commonly associated with Islam and Muslims today that evoke more anxiety, phobia, and paranoia than the veil, commonly translated as the hijab. Seen by many as the most quintessential symbol of the alleged Muslim oppression of women, the veil has for some time represented a subject of tremendous rage, debate, polemics, and fantastical stereotypes. But what is the veil? What is its history? Is the veil primarily an Islamic concept and object? What are some of the problems associated with reducing the veil to religion? What is the genealogy of sensationalized representations of the veil in popular discourse and media? These are among the questions addressed by Sahar Amer, Professor of Arabic and Islamic Studies at the University of Sydney, in her brilliant new book: What is Veiling? Published by the University of North Carolina Press in 2014. Remarkably nuanced and thoughtful, this timely book takes readers on a riveting intellectual journey that brings into focus the complexities of the veil as a discursive, political, and material object. Amer moves seamlessly between multiple texts and contexts, while showing the diversity of ways in which Muslims and non-Muslims have approached, contested, embraced, or resisted the veil in different historical conjunctures. Just as there is no one "Islamic" position on the veil, there is no one or predetermined meaning that the veil or veiling carries, Amer argues. Puncturing essentialist and stereotypical narratives about the veil, Amer convincingly argues that while seemingly a purely sartorial object, the discourse on the veil is in fact invested in and embroidered by a multiplicity of normative commitments, hopes, fears, and anxieties, irreducible to any singular history, text, religion, or motivation. Beautifully written and exhaustively researched, this book is a must read for novices and experts alike; a helpful summary of the argument after each chapter should prove particularly useful in the undergraduate classroom. In our conversation, we talked about the history of the veil, discussions on the veil in major normative Muslim textual traditions, progressive Muslim reinterpretations of the veil in Islam, the veil and orientalism, competing imaginaries of the veil in Europe and the US today, Islamic fashion, and resistance to conservative understandings of the veil in contemporary art and poetry.

Ayona DattaView on Amazon[Cross-posted from New Books in South Asian Studies] The Illegal City: Space, Law and Gender in a Delhi Squatter Settlement (Ashgate, 2012) by Ayona Datta is a detailed account of how the law interweaves in everyday life in a squatter settlement in Delhi. The book forefronts space and gender as it explores the what it means to be illegal, not just informal, and how this distinction plays out in both public and private spaces. Rich in theory and ethnography the book is a beautiful exploration of how macro process invade the most intimate of spaces.

Bonnie J. MannView on Amazon[Cross-posted from New Books in Critical Theory] In the aftermath of 9/11, the American political landscape and its discourses took a peculiar turn. America's national sovereignty-conceived as the expression of its indomitable masculinity-had been challenged. Its mythical invulnerability had been crushed. The response of the United States to these events was both disturbing and enlightening. It revealed the darker underbelly of the American mythos, and revealed the highly gendered nature of American politics. Making use of gender testimony and other widely-shared cultural phenomena that arose during the 'War on Terror', Bonnie J. Mann constructs a notion of gender as bound up with the political. Listen in to our discussion of Dr. Mann's new book Sovereign Masculinity: Gender Lessons from the War on Terror (Oxford University Press, 2014).

Nadine HubbsView on Amazon[Cross-posted from New Books in Pop Culture] Academics don't pay enough attention to class.  And when we do, too often we only magnify the tendency for working class subjects to be defined according to middle class norms; and according to those norms, they, not surprisingly, fail in one way or another, justifying their position beneath the middle class.  There are many unfortunate consequences of this dynamic.  Among them, we seldom see what's really happening in, say, the performance of a country song. Nadine Hubbs, Professor of Music Theory and Women's Studies at the University of Michigan, is an exception to this rule.  In Rednecks, Queers, and Country Music (University of California Press, 2014), she discusses subjects that range from a Foo Fighters tour-promotion video, the role of taste in class distinction, and the blinders that members of the middle class seem to wear when they notice working-class culture.  Then she removes the blinders and takes a look at some country, noticing an artistic richness and political agenda that academics and critics seldom see.  Along the way, she investigates a few of the prominent assumptions about country–its bigotry and political conservatism, for example.  She discusses research that undermines these assumptions, noting the work they do to maintain class distinctions and privilege.  And finally she makes the case for paying more attention to class, working-class culture, suggesting the potential for real political collaboration between the working and the middle classes. Here are some of the videos mentioned in the interview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vsrqw0oElHQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6e5hRLbCaCs http://www.gretchenwilson.com/media/videos/41683/56793

Amrita PandeView on Amazon[Cross-posted from New Books in South Asian Studies] Amrita Pande's Wombs in Labor: Transnational Commercial Surrogacy in India (Columbia University Press 2014) is a beautiful and rich ethnography of a surrogacy clinic. The book details the surrogacy process from start to finish, exploring the intersection of production and reproduction, complicating and deepening our understanding of this particular form of labour.

Marcia OchoaView on Amazon[Cross-posted from New Books in Latin American Studies] Marcia Ochoa's book Queen for a Day: Transformistas, Beauty Queens, and the Performance of Femininity in Venezuela (Duke University Press, 2014) is a detailed ethnography of Venezuelan modernity and nationhood that brings two kinds of feminine performances into the same analytical frame. Her focus on transformistas and beauty queens allows her to draw relationships among power, beauty, violence, and space. The book uses different orders of magnitude, moving from the national and transnational through the street and the runway and coming to rest finally on the body to work through arguments about mediation and the production of femininity. Ochoa's work contributes to scholarship on politics and gender in Venezuela by understanding them as bound together and mutually constitutive. Along the way there are some searing and moving portraits of the people who are her subjects.

Amy EvrardAmy Evrard's first book, The Moroccan Women's Rights Movement (Syracuse University Press, 2014), examines women's attempts to change their patriarchal society via their movement for equality and rights. At the center of Evrard's book is the 2004 reform of the Family Code known as the Mudawwana, in which Moroccan women made important gains in marriage, divorce, and custody rights. Combining historical analysis of legal codes, nuanced surveys of the complicated political arena, and richly developed stories of individual women, Evrard demonstrates how women's integration is stymied by poverty and illiteracy, as well as by nationalist and anti-modernization forces. At the same time, women activists are learning how to navigate among political and civic actors to achieve their goals, and in the process, convincing more and more Moroccan women of their rights.

Janet Sims-WoodView on Amazon[Cross-posted from New Books in Biography] There was once a notion that black people had no meaningful history. It's a notion Dorothy Porter Wesley spent her entire career debunking. Through her 43 years at Howard University, where she helped create the Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, her own publishing endeavors and collecting, and her unfettered support of the researchers she encountered, Wesley devoted her entire life to the preservation of black history. Her career was once summed up as that of a "historical detective", and the characterization is apt. As Dr. Janet Sims-Wood writes in her excellent study, Dorothy Porter Wesley at Howard University: Building a Legacy of Black History (The History Press, 2014) she was unrelenting in her mission: "To supplement her meager acquisitions budget, Porter appealed to faculty to donate manuscripts of their published works as well as any letters from noted individuals. […] she appealed to publishers, authors and friends who were collectors to donate their materials. She also rummaged through the attics and basements of recently deceased persons to acquire materials." The portrait that emerges is that of an indefatigable, iconic archivist, a researcher's dream. But, beyond the life, there is the legacy. A mighty legacy, as Sims-Wood establishes. Sims-Wood is an oral historian and she assembles here an interesting chorus of voices: those who knew Dorothy Porter Wesley, who worked with her, who watched her, whose lives and careers were impacted by her. Timed to coincide with the centenary of the Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Sims-Wood's book is an important reminder of how much the preservation of history relies upon individuals. And, also, what a significant impact one person can have.

Stephen LeggView on Amazon[Cross-posted from New Books in South Asian Studies]  The spatial politics of brothels in late-British India are the subject of Stephen Legg's second book Prostitution and the Ends of Empire: Scale, Governmentalities, and Interwar India, published by Duke University Press in 2014. The book explores the complexities of the brothel at the urban, national and imperial scales as campaigns (and campaigners) attempted to reform prostitution. Theoretically driven by a critical reading of Foucault, the book draws on rich archival material to explore the networks, naming and nature that these reforms addressed.