The 7th Avenue Project

It’s been about 50 years since Noam Chomsky conclusively established that the basic structures of human language are pre-wired in our brains, not gleaned from experience. Or… maybe he didn’t. While several generations of theoretical linguists have been diligently expanding the Chomskian program, another faction says there’s little or no evidence for his "universal grammar" and it’s time to scale back or even scrap the theory. Former innatist Daniel Everett is in now part of the opposition. On last week’s show, I aired a 2007 interview with Dan talking about his adventures as a missionary turned Amazonian linguist, and how he lost faith first in Christianity and then in Chomskianism. This time, a new interview with Dan discussing his latest book, "Language: The Cultural Tool." In it, he advances the idea that grammars and other aspects of particular languages are shaped by culture.

Dan Everett is twice a heretic, having strayed from the path of Christian missionary work to become a linguist, and then breaking with the dominant branch of theoretical linguistics led by Noam Chomsky. I did a report on Dan for NPR in 2007, but I never broadcast this longer interview, from which that piece was taken. I decided to air it now because Dan will be on the show next week, talking about his new book on the origins of language. The earlier interview provides the fascinating backstory: how he went from rock n' roller to missionary to Amazonian linguist, his years in the rain forest with the isolated Pirahã tribe, their anomalous language, and how he came to doubt Chomsky’s idea of universal grammar.

I've never much liked the phrase "confined to a wheelchair," and it certainly doesn’t apply to Paul Bendix in anything more than a physical sense. In his new book of essays, "Dance Without Steps," Paul writes about aging, travel, gardening, love, loss and disability with a breadth and clarity that feels liberating. Paul is an old friend, but we’d lost touch, so the release of his book gave us a chance to get reacquainted. We talked about his writing, his life, the random act of violence that left him partially paralyzed at the age of 21, and how he’s adjusted (and is still adjusting) in the four decades since.

I've been nipping at the edges of this subject for a while on previous shows, and now I've found someone to tackle it head-on: Jonathan Gottschall, author of "The Storytelling Animal: How Stories Make Us Human." Jonathan and I discussed the central place of narrative not only in art and entertainment, but in our deep understanding of the world and ourselves. With us humans, it's storytime all the time, or at least much of the time. We talked about storytelling's pervasive influence, possible evolutionary explanations, its hazards and if/how we ever escape its confines.

She's an avowed red-till-dead Republican (though an iconoclastic one) and daughter of John McCain. He's a self-described East-Coast liberal. Though hardly on the same ideological team, both decry the hyper-partisan bloodsport that passes for political discourse these days in America. So they conducted a little experiment in political fence-mending, crossing the country together in an RV in search of common ground. I talked to Meghan and Michael about their travels, as retold in their new book "America, You Sexy Bitch."

Joshua Mellars has a thing for world travel and world music, and he combines both passions in his latest pair of films. Play Like a Lion: The Legacy of Maestro Ali Akbar Khan is a portrait of the late Indian classical virtuoso and his son Alam Khan, who’s carrying on the family musical tradition. Heaven’s Mirror: A Portuguese Voyage is about Portuguese Fado music, and features some of the top contemporary fadistas (fado singers), including Katia Guerreiro, Ana Moura, Camané, and Carlos do Carmo. Joshua joined me to discuss the films and the music that inspired them.

When monologist Mike Daisey was caught fibbing on This American Life, it got me thinking about competing definitions of truth—artistic and journalistic—and the way they get blurred by storytelling. In part 1 of today's show, I spoke to Craig Silverman, who’s written about fact-checking and who monitors journalistic accuracy in his blog Regret the Error. In part 2, erstwhile fact-checker Jim Fingal, co-author with John D’Agata of the book "The Lifespan of a Fact."

Michael Ian Black doesn't usually reveal a lot about himself in his comedy. He's generally more comfortable playing characters who at most manifest fragments of his personality, like the hilarious solipsism of "Michael Ian Black" in "Michael and Michael Have Issues." His new memoir, "You’re Not Doing It Right: Tales of Marriage, Sex, Death, and Other Humiliations," is different. It’s bracingly candid, full of unromanticized and unflattering real-life detail. It never seems self-indulgent or confessional, though, and it's both funny and insightful. Same goes for my conversation with Michael, in which we discussed all of the aforementioned humiliations.

Michael Turner, of the University of Chicago and Kavli Institute, has had his hands in some of the biggest cosmological advances of recent years. He's also contributed to the scientific lexicon, coining the term “dark matter” and presaging its discovery. We talked about that and some of the universe's other big head scratchers.

It was Easter Sunday, so I resurrected my 2011 interview with Carolyn Burke, discussing her book No Regrets: The Life of Edith Piaf. Carolyn is equally strong on the biographical details and the musical oeuvre of France’s great songstress, and provided astute commentary on some of Piaf’s signature songs.

I thought this might turn into an entirely satirical April Fool’s interview with John Hodgman’s mock-pundit character, but after some japery, the conversation got sorta serious. John may lampoon the whole notion of expertise and authority in his TV appearances and books, but his thoughts on the subject run deep. We talked about his days studying literary theory at Yale, the real-life model for his professorial persona, truth vs. artistic license, and John’s up close and personal view of the Mike Daisey/This American Life debacle.

In the age of science, what’s a philosopher to do? As physics, biology and other hard sciences advance, is philosophy left with only a few increasingly recherché questions? Nope, says philosopher Colin McGinn. McGinn argues that philosophy is a kind of science (though it could use some rebranding to that effect), and those other sciences would do well to pay it some mind. A dose of philosophy could help clear up many scientific confusions and save theorists from a mess of conceptual errors (homuncular fallacy, anyone?). Colin McGinn and I talk science vs. philosophy, different kinds of knowledge, the nature of objectivity, problems with the scientific study of consciousness, and his Campaign to Rename Philosophy (CRP), which he wrote about recently in the New York Times.

In his new book, "Eminent Outlaws: The Gay Writers Who Changed America," Christopher Bram says it was literature more than any other art form that opened America’s eyes to same-sex relationships and paved the way for gay rights. In the years following World War II, when homosexuality was taboo territory for movies, TV and other mass media, it was writers who broke the silence. Chris and I discussed the impact of writers such as Gore Vidal, Tennessee Williams, Truman Capote, James Baldwin and Allen Ginsburg; the sometimes nasty critical reaction to their work; and how Chris himself read his way out of the closet.

Everybody loves a good dysfunctional family drama, which is one reason the Oresteia and other Greek tales of the strife-torn House of Atreus have never gone out of fashion. Agamemnon, Clytemnestra, Electra and the gang are at it again in a new play premiering this week at UC Santa Cruz. The production draws freely on classical sources including the Illiad and the plays of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides, and adds a high-tech twist: the performance is split between two stages representing two distinct realities, bridged by live video streaming. I spoke with writer/director Kirsten Brandt and producer Ted Warburton, both of UCSC’s Theater Arts Department, about the performance, the timeless truths of Greek tragedy and the use of “telematic” technology in theater.

This episode originally aired on Feb. 15, 2009. Seeing as it was the morning after, I took a few swipes at love and romance with the help of some great guests and lots of music. This year, my broadcast slot fell on Feb 19, close enough to Valentine’s Day to revive the show. Segments include: Science writer Hannah Holmes on the biology of hooking up and dogging around; critic Laura Kipnis on monogamy and marriage as social engineering; writer Jonathan Ames on love and its disappointments; and writer/guitarist Glenn Kurtz on the death of dreams.