The BMJ Podcast

Helen Macdonald, Juan Franco, and Joe Ross are back with our monthly update on the world of evidence based medicine. This episode delves into new methodologies which can use observational data to emulate trial data. We discuss a new systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs for surgical treatment of sciatica. There is elaboration and explanation of the CONSORT Harms 2022 statement - and we'll be asking if it goes far enough. Finally, the old chestnut of surrogate endpoints in cancer treatment trials - are benefits communicated to patients accurately? Reading list; Nirmatrelvir and risk of hospital admission or death in adults with covid-19: emulation of a randomized target trial using electronic health records - https://www.bmj.com/content/381/bmj-2022-073312 Surgical versus non-surgical treatment for sciatica https://www.bmj.com/content/381/bmj-2022-070730 CONSORT Harms 2022 statement, explanation, and elaboration https://www.bmj.com/content/381/bmj-2022-073725 Funders crack down on unpublished clinical trials—but is it enough? https://www.bmj.com/content/381/bmj.p840 Communication of anticancer drug benefits and related uncertainties to patients and clinicians https://www.bmj.com/content/380/bmj-2022-073711

Everyone has coping mechanisms, but sometimes those ways of coping become problem behaviours - addictions. In this episode of Doctor Informed, we're focussing on how to spot the signs that you may be sliding into addiction, how to have conversations with friends and colleagues if you worry about their behaviour, and how seeking treatment is the best way to avoid GMC scrutiny. Joining Clara Munro are Liz Croton and Zaid Al-Najjar, GPs who work for NHS Practitioner health - a mental health and addiction service specifically for health professionals. They are also joined by Ruth Mayall, a retired consultant anaesthetist who has experienced addiction herself, and has contributed to the Association of Anaesthetists guidance on drug and alcohol abuse. Some resources mentioned in the podcast; NHS Practitioner Health https://www.practitionerhealth.nhs.uk/ The Sick Doctor's Trust http://sick-doctors-trust.co.uk/ British Doctors & Dentists Group https://www.bddg.org/ Substance use disorder in the anaesthetist https://anaesthetists.org/Home/Resources-publications/Guidelines/Substance-use-disorder-in-the-anaesthetist Substance abuse in anaesthetists https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/16/7/236/2196385?login=false

In this month’s Talk Evidence, Helen Macdonald, Juan Franco and Joseph Ross are back to talk us through some of the latest research, They’ll talk about pay-for-perfomance schemes, and whether the data they routinely collect is measuring outcomes or tickboxes. They’ll also talk about a new analysis published on bmj.com which suggests ways in which that data could be better. We’re also by Huseyin Naci, associate professor of health policy at the London School of Economics and Political Science, who will tell us about proposed changes to drug regulation in the UK - and we discuss research which has linked speedier regulatory approval to more adverse advents in post marketing studies. Finally, we talk about point of care apps. The availability of medical information in the clinic has changed practice, but how good is that information? We hear about research which has evaluated those point of care apps (including BMJ’s Best Practice app) and rates them against different criteria. Reading list Estimated impact from the withdrawal of primary care financial incentives on selected indicators of quality of care in Scotland https://www.bmj.com/content/380/bmj-2022-072098 How can we improve the quality of data collected in general practice? https://www.bmj.com/content/380/bmj-2022-071950# UK to give “near automatic sign off” for treatments approved by “trusted” regulators https://www.bmj.com/content/380/bmj.p633 Smartphone apps for point-of-care information summaries https://ebm.bmj.com/content/early/2023/03/14/bmjebm-2022-112146

Fatigue can have as much of an affect in your ability to function as alcohol, and yet while you would be chastised for drinking before appearing on the ward, hospitals have systematically removed the spaces where tired clinicians can rest and recover. The Royal College of Anaesthetists have been campaigning to raise awareness of the dangers of fatigue, and it seems that anaesthetic trainees have benefitted from that, with sleep pods and flexible schedules - but other specialties are lagging behind. In this podcast, Roo McCrossan, a consultant anaesthetist joins our host Clara Munro, a surgical trainee, and Ayesha Ashmore, obstetric trainee, to talk about how to fight fatigue. They discuss circadian rhythms, what to eat, nappuccinos, and why trusts should make more sleeping spaces. For more information about fighting fatigue; https://anaesthetists.org/Home/Wellbeing-support/Fatigue/-Fight-Fatigue-download-our-information-packs

We're bringing you an episode of the BMJ's podcast for primary care, Deep Breath In, which we think you'll enjoy. How long would it take GPs to enact all of the guideline recommendations that they might be expected too? Far more GP hours than exist in any healthcare system; but as medicine has turned its attention to primary prevention, and expanded the populations whose health we seek to improve, those guidelines are taking up more and more time. A recent analysis in The BMJ has proposed the concept of “Time Needed to Treat” - and implores guideline makers to take account consultation time as a precious, finite, resource when thinking about their recommendations. In this episode of Deep Breath In, we’re joined by Minna Johansson, family doctor and director Global Center for Sustainable Healthcare, who co-authored that analysis to talk about how the concept has gone down, and what it might mean for rethinking what primary care is supposed to do. Reading list: Guidelines should consider clinicians’ time needed to treat https://www.bmj.com/content/380/bmj-2022-072953

As workforce gaps in the NHS, and other healthcare systems around the world widen, the need to improve staff retention has become an ever more pressing concern. Yet work-life balance issues continue to drive staff away from the service. What is the imperative to get flexible working right, and what can be done to remove the barriers facing healthcare workers seeking to change the way they work? Joining us in the discussion are; Kamran Abbasi, editor in chief of The BMJ Rachel Hutchings, fellow at the Nuffield Trust Sarah Sweeney, interim chief executive, National Voices Farzana Hussain, a GP in Newham, London Thea Stein, chief executive of Leeds Community Healthcare NHS Trust The report that Rachel Hutchings has authors is summaried in a BMJ feature - Challenges of combining a career in surgery with parenting https://www.bmj.com/content/380/bmj.p449

In this episode of Talk Evidence, Helen Macdonald is joined by Juan Franco and Joe Ross, to bring you the newest evidence in The BMJ. First, chronic pain. As prescribers move away from opioids, Juan finds an overview of systematic reviews asking whether anti-depressants might help. Joe finds new research on the link between six healthy lifestyle markers and cognitive decline. Helen looks at a trial to reduce prescribing among older people with suspected urinary tract infection or UTI. Juan has a nuanced take on the updated evidence on masks to reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Finally, an international group of researchers traced the health claims made about infant formula milk back to the evidence or lack of it Reading list: Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of antidepressants for pain in adults https://www.bmj.com/content/380/bmj-2022-072415 Association between healthy lifestyle and memory decline in older adults https://www.bmj.com/content/380/bmj-2022-072691 Effect of a multifaceted antibiotic stewardship intervention to improve antibiotic prescribing for suspected urinary tract infections in frail older adults https://www.bmj.com/content/380/bmj-2022-072319 Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006207.pub6/full Health and nutrition claims for infant formula https://www.bmj.com/content/380/bmj-2022-071075

Grit is one of those concepts (like the dreaded resilience) that has a specific meaning, but has become a buzzword in healthcare. It’s the ability to persevere in the pursuit of a goal, in the face of obstacles - and it’s something all doctors have. However that trait has benefits and drawbacks. It’s not necessarily fixed, but will depend on context, and it is measurable but not a very helpful measure in isolation. In this episode, Clara Munro is joined by Declan Murphy and Ayisha Ashmore - and they sit down with neurourgeon and researcher Simone Betchen, who has measured grit in women surgeons, and helps them understand their grit scores. Reading list Grit in surgeons https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34218313/

Claire Mulrenan, specialist registrar in public health, and Mark Petticrew, professor of public health evaluation, both working at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical medicine were surprised to see high-fat, high-salt fast food brands being featured heavily on the website of one of the UK's most beloved children's comics. In this podcast, they describe why they think that is harmful, and why the Beano should think again about its editorial policies, to protect children's health. To read the full investigation:
www.bmj.com/content/380/bmj.p197

In this week's episode, we're focusing on covid and the ongoing crisis in the NHS. Helen Macdonald, Juan Franco and Joseph Ross cast their evidence seeking eyes over research into outcomes as well as the workload of doctors. Firstly, Joe tells us about a new big data study into longer term outcomes after mild covid-19, how those ongoing symptoms relate to long covid, and how often they resolve themselves. Juan looks back to his homeland to see what Argentina which was very early to offer children vaccinations against covid-19. He tells us how a new study design can help understand how effective different combinations of vaccines were. Joe has a Danish registry paper, which links people's employment status after a MI, explains how that gives us an insight into morbidity following that event. Helen looks at a new analysis which outlines the concept of "time needed to treat" - a measure of how much time it would take a clinician to actually carry out a guideline - and you'd be surprised how much GP time would be swallowed by a "brief" intervention to reduce inactivity in their patients. Finally, the data on excess mortality in the UK has been up for debate recently - our health minister calling into question the Office of National Statistic's data. We hear from Nazrul Islam, Associate professor of medical statistics, advisor to the ONS and BMJ research editor, who has some bad news for him. Reading list: Long covid outcomes at one year after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection https://www.bmj.com/content/380/bmj-2022-072529 Effectiveness of mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, and BBIBP-CorV vaccines against infection and mortality in children in Argentina, during predominance of delta and omicron covid-19 variants https://www.bmj.com/content/379/bmj-2022-073070 Guidelines should consider clinicians’ time needed to treat https://www.bmj.com/content/380/bmj-2022-072953 Expanding the measurement of overdiagnosis in the context of disease precursors and risk factors https://ebm.bmj.com/content/early/2023/01/10/bmjebm-2022-112117 Excess deaths associated with covid-19 pandemic in 2020 https://www.bmj.com/content/373/bmj.n1137.abstract

One size doesn’t fit all - so what are the alternative career paths of doctors in the NHS? The treadmill of medical school, to foundation training, to specialist training, to a consultant position takes years and is not very trainee-centric in it’s design. So are there other ways for doctors to be able to work in the NHS, still progress their career, but also tailor the job to themselves? And what are the drawbacks of trying to do that? In this podcast, Clara Munro is joined by Flo Wedmore and new panelist Jason Ramsingh, a surgical trainee in Newcastle. They speak to Rob Fleming an SAS (speciality and associate specialist) doctor in anaesthetics.

As we gear up for the winter in the northern hemisphere, the need to stay warm and eat well is pressing - but in 2022, there are global pressures working against us. Russia invaded Ukraine, and the subsequent restrictions on exports from both of those countries is being felt in terms of fuel costs - but also food costs. At the same time, this year has seen droughts and flooding which have affected global food production, as well as continuing restrictions around covid and economic activity. All of these factors are working together to increase food insecurity. Our Guests; Sheryl Hendricks, professor of food security at the University of Pretoria Renzo Guinto, chief planetary doctor at PH Lab Tim Benton, director of the Environment and Society Programme at Chatham House.

It's almost time for the Christmas edition of the BMJ to hit your doormats, and in this festive edition of Talk Evidence we're going to be talking Christmas research. Joining Helen and Juan, we have Tim Feeney, BMJ research editor and researcher into Surgical outcomes at Boston University. In this episode we'll be hearing about the health of footballers, and if a career in the sport predisposes Swedish players to substance use disorders. We'll hear about the performance of BMJ’s editors, when it comes to assessing the impact of a paper. We'll find out if AI algorithms can pass UK radiology exams, misinformation and a belief that everything causes cancer, and finally, some tips from BMJ’s statisticians to set the world right

In this episode of the Dr. Informed podcast, the topic of discussion is death and dying, and how to involve patients in DNACPR decisions. The panel discuss the importance of doctors having discussions with patients about end-of-life care as a way of creating the best possible death for patients. The conversation also touches on the challenges that doctors may face when having these difficult discussions and they give some advice on how they to overcome them. Joining Clara are; Mark Taubert, palliative care consultant, and national chair of future care planning for the Welsh Government Kat Shelley, an anaesthetics trainee, who has stage four breast cancer, and is receiving palliative care Lucy-Anne Frank, an elderly care consultant. The article "Do not resuscitate me in Barbados" is published by BMJ Supportive and Palliative Care, and is free to access at; https://spcare.bmj.com/content/11/3/310

In this month's episode, Helen Juan and Joe delve into the clinical - with a new review of endometriosis, and why the difficulty in diagnosis has lead to a dearth of evidence and attention on the condition. Joe tells us about a risk prediction tool that could be useful in helping to mitigate some of the problems of antihypertensive treatments. We're also having a geek out about a group of papers we've published lately, on how well evidence is created, maintained, and diseminated. Reading list; Development and external validation of a risk prediction model for falls in patients with an indication for antihypertensive treatment: retrospective cohort study https://www.bmj.com/content/379/bmj-2022-070918 Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of endometriosis https://www.bmj.com/content/379/bmj-2022-070750 Effective knowledge mobilisation: creating environments for quick generation, dissemination, and use of evidence https://www.bmj.com/content/379/bmj-2022-070195 Consistency of covid-19 trial preprints with published reports and impact for decision making: retrospective review https://bmjmedicine.bmj.com/content/1/1/e000309 Changing patterns in reporting and sharing of review data in systematic reviews with meta-analysis of the effects of interventions: a meta-research study from the REPRISE project https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.11.22273688v2