Summary: Dementia refers to the gradual loss of intellectual ability and function, whatever the cause. An early sign may be a loss of interest in activities. Conversations or appointments may be forgotten or mistakes made in routine activities. The most significant risk factor is aging. Other illnesses such as alterations in thyroid function, lack of specific vitamins, and vascular disease can also cause dementia. Smoking can contribute to small vessel disease in the brain and worsen the problem. MRI, may show specific areas of the brain involved. Whatever the cause, there is treatment and planning as well as a need for assistance with activities of daily living. Medicines exist now and more are being developed to treat the dementia.
