Summary: <p>Continuing Education Credits are available for this presentation at<a href="https://www.allceus.com/member/cart/index/product/id/489/c/"> https://www.allceus.com/member/cart/index/product/id/489/c/</a></p> <p>Stimulants, Depressants and Hallucinogens are available by prescription, in over the counter medications and as illicit substances. Learn more about the effects of these types of drugs, how they impact your brain chemistry and signs and symptoms of intoxication and withdrawal.</p> <h3>Show Notes</h3> <p>2. In this Episode, we will: Define stimulants, depressants and hallucinogens Discuss their ◦ Mechanism of action ◦ Symptoms of intoxication ◦ Symptoms of withdrawal ◦ Short and long term effects ◦ Common street names Explore the process of differential diagnosis<br> 3. Method of administration greatly effects the intensity and duration of onset for various drugs ◦ Oral (slowest) ◦ Inhalation/Snorting ◦ Inhalation/Smoking ◦ Injection ◦ Rectal suppository ◦ Skin patches<br> 4. Drugs affect everyone differently, based on: ◦ Size, weight and health ◦ Whether the person is used to taking it ◦ Whether other drugs are taken concurrently ◦ The amount taken ◦ The strength of the drug (varies from batch to batch with illegally produced drugs)<br> 5. Stimulants are substances that act to excite the central nervous system ◦ Caffeine ◦ Amphetmines ◦ Cocaine<br> 6. Stimulants increase alertness, attention, and energy, as well as elevate blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration. Used to treat asthma and other respiratory problems, obesity, neurological disorders, ADHD, narcolepsy, and occasionally depression<br> 7. Stimulants enhance norepinephrine and dopamine. Increase in dopamine can induce a feeling of euphoria when stimulants are taken nonmedically. Norepinepherine also increases blood pressure and heart rate, constricts blood vessels, increases blood glucose, and opens up breathing passages.<br> 8. Mechanism of action ◦ Increase noradrenaline/norepinepherine & dopamine in the brain in 4 ways Bind to the presynaptic membrane causing the release of dopamine Interact with dopamine containing synaptic vesicles, releasing free dopamine into the nerve terminal<br> 9. Mechanism of action ◦ 4 ways cont… Bind to monoamine oxidase in dopaminergic neurons and prevent the degradation of dopamine, leaving free dopamine in the nerve terminal Bind to the dopamine re-uptake transporter, causing it to act in reverse and transport free dopamine out of the nerve terminal.<br> 10. Generalized State Of Euphoria Increased Energy Confidence Mental Alertness Sexual Arousal Itching And Scratching Large Pupils Dry Mouth Fast Heart Beat And Breathing Teeth Grinding Reduced Appetite Excessive Sweating<br> 11. In the 4 to 6 days after stimulant use, the following effects may be experienced: ◦ Restless sleep and exhaustion ◦ Headaches ◦ Dizziness and blurred vision ◦ Paranoia, hallucinations and confusion ◦ Irritability, mood swings and depression ◦ Anxiety ◦ Insomnia<br> 12. Methamphetamine has a substantially longer half-life than cocaine, thus leading to more intense and protracted withdrawal. Chronic methamphetamine users may have episodes of violent behavior, paranoia, anxiety, confusion, and insomnia.<br> 13. A study in April, 2015 analyzed 21 supplements labelled as containing Acacia rigidula, a type of shrub native to Texas. ◦ Eleven of them were found to contain beta- methylphenylethylamine, or BMPEA, an isomer of amphetamine whose effect on humans has never been studied. ◦ Only 3 in which the chemical was found indicated its presence on their labels, and none of them specified the amount of BMPEA in each pill, according to the study. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dta.1793/abstract DoD list of Supplements to Avoid<br> 14. Toxic doses, over 5 grams per day for an adult, ◦ A cup of coffee contains 80–175 mg of caffeine, depending on the b</p>
