Talking Biotech Podcast

Tweet Penguins are charismatic, flightless, diving birds.  While typically associated only with Antarctica, their center of origin, radiation and speciation has been widely debated.  Dr. Juliana Vianna is part of an Antarctica Genomics Group at the Catholic University of Chile.  Her team has analyzed the genomes of penguins and compared it against other data, including the fossil record. They have provided new information to inform our understanding of the evolution and distribution of this interesting group of birds. Follow Dr. Vianna on Twitter here.  @Ju_A_Vianna Link to the paper in PNAS

Tweet Most experts agree that the COVID19 pandemic will not end until a vaccine is available.  But traditionally, vaccines take a decade to develop and test.  The crisis has ignited efforts from over 130 companies, all racing to develop vaccines to render the population immune to the virus.  One exciting new development is the mRNA vaccine, a case where humans are injected with the genetic material of the virus, that ignites an immune response. The advantage of these vaccines is that they are easy to manufacture and quick to test. Boston Magazine Senior Editor Catherine Elton has followed the development of these vaccines, particularly from the company Moderna.  They moved from RNA sequence to human trials in only 43 days demonstrating the speed by which these new strategies may be employed.  We discuss the discoveries and the regulatory hurdles, along with public perception in what appears to be a rapid way to immunize large populations.  

Tweet A number of strange, devastating and lethal diseases are caused by prions. The most famous of these disorders in animals is Bovine Spongiform Encelapathy,  or “Mad Cow Disease”. Unlike other infectious agents like viruses, bacteria or fungi, prion-based diseases are caused by a misfolding of proteins resident in the body.  Essentially, this is your own chemistry turning against itself.  In this week’s podcast I speak with Dr. Cassandra Terry from London Metropolitan University.  She speaks about prion related diseases, their causes, and how what is learned from prions has illuminated an understanding of other complex neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson Disease.

Tweet Male cattle (bulls) convert feed calories to weight gain more efficiently than females (cows). If more bulls could be put into beef production, the process would be even more sustainable. Dr. Alison Van Eenennaam and her research team attempted a clever trick to skew the ratio of males to females in cattle offspring.  Sex determination in mammals is driven mostly by a single gene on the Y chromosome. So what if this gene was duplicated elsewhere in the genome?  Using CRISPR gene editing, this is exactly what they did.  “Cosmo” the bull should produce 75% male offspring. Dr. Van Eenennaam talks about the gene, its  mechanism of action, the process of editing a bull’s genome, and the regulatory climate around gene-edited beef. Dr. Van Eenennaam on Twitter:  @Biobeef Dr. Van Eenennaam’s website here.

Tweet In 2001 the Earth Liberation Front bombed the office of Dr. Toby Bradshaw at the University of Washington.  The damage was massive, especially toward non-targeted labs.  This is a great story of how misguided activism can have damaging collateral effects, and work against the efforts of scientists that are performing great work for people and a planet.

Tweet Most organisms on earth evolved under constant intervals of light and darkness. The regular intervals led to the evolution of internal clocks that are trained by the light/dark patterns, and condition responses from gene expression to higher physiology and morphology.  Dr. Eva Farre of Michigan State University has a notable career in circadian rhythm research in plants. Today she joins the podcast to discuss the value of an internal oscillator to fitness, trait presentation and domestication. We also discuss the fundamental nature of chemistry that controls timing. Co-hosted by Michigan State University graduate student Miles Roberts.  

Tweet Dr. Alan McHughen has been a leader in biotechnology education for decades, and has served in public academic research as well as an advisor to the State Department in the Obama Administration.  He has assembled a book about DNA, the basics of DNA biology and some of the modern applications from ancestry to biotechnological solutions. We have a discussion about the content of DNA Demystified. Order DNA Demystified from Amazon here.  

Tweet The documentary space is littered with videos that misrepresent science, especially around agriculture. Dr. Hidde Boersma is a trained scientist that has taken up the mantle of making high-quality documentary films and other media to tell the real story, without the hyperbole and fear found in most video efforts.  The plan now is to tell the story of the activist and attorney assault on glyphosate.  Glyphosate is perhaps one of the safest agricultural chemicals, used without incident for over 40 years and reviewed extensively by the world’s foremost regulatory bodies.  Since 2014 the compound has been targeted by those wishing to end its use, as well as profit massively from malicious lawsuits that ignore the real science. Dr. Boersma seeks to create a film to tell this story and is soliciting donations to make it happen. Please consider supporting his efforts, as his budget is reasonable and he does a great production with minimal support. Donate to Make the Film Here.  Visit Sugar Rush Films Here  You can contribute directly to the project and see his other excellent work Dr. Hidde Boersma on Twitter:  @Hiddemhigh

Tweet Analysis of populations of animals can be problematic, especially when individuals of different species share similar visual characteristics. Dr. Melinda Baerwald has developed a field-friendly way to identify individual species with great sensitivity and specificity, without a complicated DNA prep or temperature cycling equipment.  The application of the SHERLOCK method was used to monitor populations of endangered species in Northern California. She describes the application of the assay and its application. Follow Dr. Baerwald on Twitter:  @MelindaBaerwald

Tweet Dr. Ilaria Capua is one of the world’s most prominent virologists, and a Professor at the University of Florida and the Director of the One Health Center of Excellence.  In this week’s podcast she updates us on the current state of COVID19 with some important philosophical approaches as to how we should think about the virus. In the second half we discuss her new book, Circular Health, a concept that focuses on the interconnectivity between human actions and outcomes. Her book is available here. Follow her on Twitter at @IlariaCapua

Tweet Today’s podcast marks five complete years of podcast episodes, and there’s no better guest than someone on the Mount Rushmore of plant genetic engineering.  We’re joined today by Dr. Robb Fraley, who was at ground zero of the first transformed plants.  He recalls the race to transform plants, his time as a leader in the Monsanto company, and his vision for the future. Follow Dr. Fraley on Twitter:  @RobbFraley

Tweet   Aflatoxin is a natural poison emitted by several species of fungi. They infect grain, and exploit insect damage.  Millions of people are affected by these toxins that invade world food staples, mostly with a higher incidence of specific cancers, like liver cancer.  IITA is an organization committed to improving food staples in the developing world.  Dr. Ranjit Bandyopadhyay and his team have discovered a fungal species that out-competes the toxic species, and is being distributed under the Aflasafe label.  This product has great potential in assisting in food security and long term public health goals.  Co-Hosted by Chalese Brown. * Website: www.aflasafe.com that also carries an e-newsletter, ATTC News * Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Aflasafe/ * Twitter: https://twitter.com/aflasafe We’re also on: * YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCux7qcOzLELrE5D3aD0c4ow * LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/aflasafe * SoundCloud: https://soundcloud.com/user-280541779 * SlideShare: https://www.slideshare.net/Aflasafe  

Tweet Today’s podcast starts with answering your questions, covering biodynamic farming, cover crops and my financial transparency.  The second part discusses a battle between sensitivity to endangered species and farmers’ freedom to operate.  Environmental policy designed to protect a regional fish species has called for strangling limitations on water use for farmers in the Klamath River Basin in Northern California and Oregon. To protect the fish, farmers will lose this year’s crop, and family businesses are threatened.  Ben DuVal is a farmer in the region, farming land handed down from his grandfather. He discusses the situation, the history of the restrictions, and how farmers have continued to do more with less– but can’t do anymore on only 7% of the needed water. It is important to understand what our agricultural producers face, as well as effects on families and national food security. WEBSITE:  ShutDownFedUp.org Twitter Hashtag:  #ShutDownFedUp

Tweet Vance Crowe has a background that shifted between the Peace Corps in Kenya, a deckhand on an ecotourism ship, and a position with the World Bank. All had a common thread of situational communication and unique challenges.  The biggest challenge came as an opportunity to work for Monsanto as the Director of Millennial Engagement. Vance discusses work inside the company, as well as his experiences with company culture and objectives. He also discusses his time since serving in that role, working to help train agriculture professionals in effective communication. He brings a wealth of information and advice to fellow communicators, and shares his passions of connecting people with credible information. Vance Crowe on Twitter – @VanceCrowe Vance’s podcast is here. 

Tweet     Throughout the COVID19 pandemic we have heard various opinions about wearing face coverings and protective masks. Some see them as critical components of public health. Others see them as a senseless violation of their personal freedom, and claim the masks have absolutely no effect on infectious disease. This week’s podcast is an interview with a world expert, Dr. Raina MacIntyre of the Kirby Institute. She is a leading scholar in the area of PPE and public health and infectious disease, and has been involved in many studies, including comparisons of different kinds of masks, their use, and compliance in disease transmission.   Follow the Talking Biotech Podcast on iTunes Closing theme is Sleepwalk by Santo and Johnny (1959)