That‘s Cool News | A weekly breakdown of positive Science & Tech news. show

That‘s Cool News | A weekly breakdown of positive Science & Tech news.

Summary: Bringing you the positive STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) news every Monday and explains why these new futuristic innovations are meaningful. The goal is to leave you feeling optimistic and say "That's Cool!"

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  • Artist: Adam Buckingham
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 134. Neuralink In Humans Next Year, Approaching Fusion Breakthrough, Hydrogen Jet Engine Test | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: 32:15

Elon Musk says he's confident Neuralink will be ready to put chips into human brains in the next 6 months | Business Insider (00:51) Neuralink hosted an event in California this past Wednesday (Nov. 30th), and Musk expects the wireless brain chip developed by Neuralink to begin human clinical trials in six months. After the event on Twitter stating:“We are now confident that the Neuralink device is ready for humans, so timing is a function of working through the FDA approval process” Neuralink has in recent years been conducting tests on animals as it seeks approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to begin clinical trials in people.At the event, they demonstrated the brain-computer interface technology by showing a video of a monkey apparently fitted with a Neuralink brain chip, "telepathically typing." Neuralink's brain chip, which is around the size of a coin, has tiny wires embedded with electrodes that aim to monitor brain activity and electrically stimulate the brain. Goal to help treat a variety of conditions, such as neurological disorders, paralysis, and other conditions that affect the nervous system.  Little skeptical of the 6 months timeline:Musk said in a 2019 presentation he was aiming to receive regulatory approval by the end of 2020.  Then said at a conference in late 2021 that he hoped to start human trials this year (2022). Elon does believe the progress will continue to more rapidly than before:“The progress at first, particularly as it applies to humans, will seem perhaps agonizingly slow, but we are doing all of the things to bring it to scale in parallel … So, in theory, progress should be exponential."   GM’s Cruise pursuing permit to test its custom-built ‘Origin’ robotaxi in San Francisco | TechCrunch (08:01) Cruise, GM’s self-driving technology subsidiary, has started the regulatory process to test its next-generation “Origin” robotaxi on public roads in San Francisco. The company applied for a permit with the California Department of Motor Vehicles to test its custom-built driverless vehicle on public roads. Already charging the public for rides in its autonomous Chevy Bolt EVs The driverless Origin, the product of a multiyear collaboration with parent company GM and investor Honda that is designed for a ridesharing serviceHas no steering wheel or pedals and is designed to travel at highway speeds. The Origin doesn’t meet a handful of federal motor vehicle safety standards (known as FMVSS) because it lacks certain parts like a steering wheel that are currently required in human-driven vehicles.Filed for temporary exemption  Cruise has previously said it expects to begin production of the Origin in 2023, a date that gives some guidance on when the automaker expects to have an exemption and other permits that would allow it to ramp from testing to commercial operations.   Government Scientists ‘Approaching What is Required for Fusion’ in Breakthrough Energy Research | Vice (12:05) Researchers have confirmed that magnetic fields can enhance the energy output of their experiments, reports a new study. Suggest that magnets may play a key role in the development of this futuristic form of power Sort of knew the importance of magnets already since they are used to contain and control the plasma in a nuclear fusion reactor, preventing it from touching the walls of the and cooling down. National Ignition Facility (NIF) scientists have reported that the magnetic fields can boost the temperature of the fusion “hot spot” in experiments by 40 percent and more than triple its energy output.“temperature approaching what is required for fusion ignition” Remember, in a fusion reaction, hydrogen atoms are combined to form helium, releasing a large amount of energy. Can only take place at extremely high temperatures, on the order of millions of degrees Celsius.  The hot spots in the NIF’s fusion experiments are created by shooting nearly 200 lasers at a tiny pellet of fuel made of

 133. Robots Building Robots, Amazon’s Health Care Push, Tesla’s FSD Beta Available Now | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: 32:05

Researchers are building robots that can build themselves | Tech Crunch (00:52) MIT researchers are working on a project to develop robots that effectively self-assemble.Team admits this technology is “years away” Work so far has shown positive results At the system’s center are voxels, which carry power and data that can be shared between pieces. The pieces form the foundation of the robot by grabbing and attaching additional voxels before moving across the grid for further assembly.Currently working on building stronger connectors to keep the voxels together. States in their paper:“Our approach challenges the convention that larger constructions need larger machines to build them, and could be applied in areas that today either require substantial capital investments for fixed infrastructure or are altogether unfeasible.” The team suggests that using the robots to determine the optimal build could save on a lot of time spent prototyping.“While there has been increasing interest in 3-D-printed houses, today those require printing machinery as large or larger than the house being built. Again, the potential for such structures to instead be assembled by swarms of tiny robots could provide benefits. And the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency is also interested in the work for the possibility of building structures for coastal protection against erosion and sea level rise.”   A game-changing new hybrid EV battery recharges in only 72 seconds | Interesting Engineering (06:03) Swiss startup Morand, has developed new battery technology that could see electric vehicle (EV) batteries charge in less time than it takes to fill an internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle at a gas station.  Called eTechnology The new technology, which can charge electric cars in only 72 seconds, is a hybrid system that uses technology from traditional batteries and ultracapacitors.ULTRACAPACITORS deliver quick bursts of energy during peak power demands, then quickly store energy and capture excess power that is otherwise lost. The startup says that, during testing, a prototype of its eTechnology solution was able to recharge at up to 900 A/360 kW:80 percent in just 72 seconds,  98 percent in 120 seconds, and  100 percent in 2.5 minutes.  The company also states that Geo Technology performed independent testing. Morand says it has tested its eTechnology prototype over more than 50,000 cycles and claims the technology shows potential for retaining power over far more charge/discharge cycles than a traditional lithium-ion battery. The company is looking to bring the technology to market, no word on the exact date.It will likely be more expensive than lithium-ion battery technology, to begin with. Morand aims to scale production to lower the cost of its potentially game-changing hybrid technology.   Amazon makes a new push into health care | The Economist (13:05) Andy Jassy, CEO of Amazon, highlighted a big opportunity for the company moving forwards.Health care Many tech firms are already diving into this health marketApple tracks wellbeing through the iPhone Microsoft offers cloud-computing services to health firms Alphabet sells wearable devices and is pumping money into biotech research Amazon is taking a different route with Amazon Clinic, an online service operating in 32 states that offers virtual health care for over 20 conditions from acne to allergies.Described as a virtual storefront that connects users with third-party health providers. The launch follows the $3.9bn takeover, announced in July, of One Medical, a primary care provider that offers telehealth services online and runs bricks-and-mortar clinics Neil Linsday, formerly responsible for Prime,  has said health care “is high on the list of experiences that need reinvention”. This is the latest move the complement previous moves Amazon has made into this space:2021: Amazon Web Services launched specific cloud services for health care 2020: Launched Halo band, w

 132. Tinnitus Treatment on Your Phone, Nanoscale 3D Printing Sped Up, Lab-Grown Meat | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: 31:24

"Polytherapeutic" tinnitus treatment app delivers impressive results | New Atlas (00:49) Tinnitus is when you experience ringing or other noises in one or both of your ears.  5% of people experience tinnitus at some point in their lives A team of researchers at the University of Auckland has found it's new smartphone app treatment is getting strong results This polytherapeutic “combines goal-based counseling with personalized passive and active game-based sound therapy."  It has tailored the digital tools in the app to the user's own experience of tinnitus. The primary measurement of effectiveness was the Tinnitus Functional Index, a standard scale used to quantify a person's experience of tinnitus A 13 point change is regarded as a clinically meaningful difference. It is a survey so take this with a grain of salt The group using the polytherapeutic reported an average improvement of 16.36 points after six weeks, and 17.83 points after 12 weeks 55% of participants experiencing a clinically meaningful improvement after six weeks 65% at 12 weeks. The Auckland team is working on obtaining regulatory approval for the polytherapeutic app, and hope to have it clinically available within six months or so. Rare Elephant Twins are Born in 'Historic Moment’ at Syracuse Zoo | Today (05:54) Twin Asian elephant calves were born at the Rosamond Gifford Zoo in Syracuse, New York, in what the zoo is calling a “miracle.” Born on Oct. 24 Ten hours after Mali’s (Mama Elephant obviously) first male calf was born, weighing in at 220 pounds, a second male calf arrived, weighing 237 pounds.  The zoo commented on this improbability and rarity: “To date, there has never been a recorded case of surviving elephant twins in the United States …  The few successful twin births have only taken place in their range countries in Asia and Africa and nowhere else in the world.” Additionally, less than 1% of elephant births worldwide are twins When twins do occur, the calves are often stillborn or do not survive long after birth. Engineers designed a new nanoscale 3D printing material that can be printed at a speed of 100 mm/s | Interesting Engineering (09:43) A new nanoscale 3D printing material developed by Stanford University engineers may provide superior structural protection for satellites, drones, and microelectronics An improved lightweight, a protective lattice that can absorb twice as much energy as previous materials of a similar density Nanoscale 3D printing material creates structures that are a fraction of the width of a human hair. Enabling the printing at very small scales. The engineers added metal nanoclusters (tiny groupings of atoms) to their printing medium to create a superior 3D printing material. Effective in kicking off the reaction to harden the material  Produced a substance that was a mixture of the metal and the polymer printing medium. The printing process was accelerated by the nanoclusters. They were able to print at a speed of 100 millimeters per second using the nanoclusters and proteins. Roughly 100 times faster than what had previously been possible with nanoscale protein printing. The engineers are in some ways imitating what nature has already mastered. For instance, the mix of a hard exterior, nanoscale porosity, and trace amounts of soft substance gives bone its durability. Where to go from here? Wendy Gu, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering and a corresponding author on the paper stated: “Since the nanoclusters are able to polymerize these different classes of chemicals, we may be able to use them to print multiple materials in one structure … That’s one thing we’d like to aim for.” Researchers develop a new method for analyzing rock glaciers | Phys.org (15:20) Scientists at the University of Arizona developed a new method to determine rock glaciers' ice thickness and the ratio of ice to debris, allowing for more precise measuremen

 131. Lab-Grown Blood Transfusion, Breast Cancer Vaccine Trials, Microplastic Eating Robot Fish | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: 30:54

Show Notes: First human patients receive transfusions of lab-grown blood cells | New Atlas (01:01)  For the first time ever, human patients have received transfusions of blood cells that were grown from stem cells in a lab  Revolutionize blood transfusions Blood donations are life saving, but the demand outweighs the supply But only 13.6 million units of whole blood and red blood cells are collected in the U.S. in a year. According to the Red Cross, only about 3% of age-eligible people donate blood yearly. Nearly 16 million blood components are transfused each year in the U.S. Approximately 29,000 units of red blood cells are needed every day in the U. S.  An attractive alternative would be large-scale production of red blood cells in labs, which can be tuned to have whichever blood type is needed.  The new clinical trial, named RESTORE, is designed to test the safety of transfusions of these manufactured blood cells, as well as how long they last in the body. Lab-grown blood  is all made “fresh,” so it should all reliably last up to 120 days. For people with conditions that require regular blood transfusions, such as sickle cell, the longer lifespan of the cells should help give them longer gaps between transfusions.  The RESTORE trial will involve at least 10 participants receiving “mini” transfusions of blood, containing just 5 to 10 ml (one to two teaspoons) of red blood cells. So far, two participants have received transfusions of lab-grown blood cells as part of the trial, with the scientists reporting that they have shown no untoward side effects. While this is a major milestone towards that goal, there’s still much more work to do before blood transfusions are regularly lab-grown This clear window coating could cool buildings without using energy | Electrek (06:41) Scientists have used advanced computing tech and AI to design a clear window coating that could lower the temperature inside buildings. Saving a whole lot of cooling energy. Cooling accounts for about 15% of global energy consumption, and it’s only going to get hotter, especially in more tropical climates. The sun’s ultraviolet and near-infrared light are the parts of the solar spectrum that pass through window glass to heat an enclosed room. Why a car gets hot sitting in the sun. If you block that light energy the amount of cooling needed would be reduced According to their new paper, researchers from University of Notre Dame in Indiana and Kyung Hee University in Seoul, successfully designed a clear window coating, or “transparent radiative cooler” (TRC). According to the report,  “[The team] optimized the type, order, and combination of layers using an iterative approach guided by machine learning and quantum computing, which stores data using subatomic particles” Using this quantum method allowed the team to carry out the optimization process faster. Which eventually, “produced a coating design that, when fabricated, beat the performance of conventionally designed TRCs in addition to one of the best commercial heat-reduction glasses on the market.” Through heat simulations of the TRC as a potential window material for a standard office with two windows they were able to figure out roughly the heat savings. 31.1% of the cooling energy consumption when conventional windows are used. The average annual energy saving over the surveyed U.S. cities is 50 MJ/m2 In cities with hot, dry weather the TRC can potentially save around 86.3 MJ/m2 per year. There’s no indication of commercial scaling in the study, but the researchers write that the film “can be potentially scaled up for practical applications because their fabrication can be achieved using state-of-the-art deposition techniques.” Experimental breast cancer vaccine passes first human trials   | New Atlas (12:19) I don’t like using the term vaccine for these types of treatments. It is more of cell/protein therapy so I’ll put that out t

 130. Honda’s Solid State EV Plan, Lunar Soil Rocket Fuel, The Molecular Computer Dream | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: 30:45

Show Notes: Honda aims for a solid-state-powered EV by the end of the decade | Ars Technica (00:53) Honda is working on what it believes will be the breakthrough that brings solid-state batteries to the market.  Working solo on this technology   Shinji Aoyama, Honda's global leader of electrification, told Ars Technica: “In the springtime of 2024, we will start a pilot line (for manufacturing). Then if we can be successful, we believe we can launch a vehicle with a solid-state battery in the latter part of the 2020s. 2029, 2028." CEO and president Toshihiro Mibe added that the automaker hasn't decided which vehicle will be the first to be outfitted with a solid-state battery. Solid State batteries might be potentially cheaper, safer, charge quicker, and hold more energy per pound, but they also don't have much of a life span. As we talked about last week Dendrites are tiny crystal spikes that form in the lithium metal anodes of solid-state batteries over time.  Honda is trying to solve the issue where the dendrites bore through the electrolyte over time and cause a short circuit during charging, reducing the battery's life span. Honda's solution is to sandwich the solid electrolyte with a polymer fabric keeping the dendrites from forming without sacrificing the battery's capabilities. They will roll press the elements instead of stamping, which Honda believes should give the company greater control over the thickness of each battery. The automaker is still in the early stages of testing these batteries at its facility.  They have to work quickly if they want to be ready for the pilot manufacturing of solid-state batteries in the spring of 2024. Bruvi Launches Breakthrough Single-Serve Coffee System  | Business Insider (06:19) Bruvi is a startup which recently launched its breakthrough brewing system today, just in time for the holiday season.  U.S. coffee drinkers use more than 17 million single-serve pods annually, the vast majority of which end up in landfills, where they take around 500 years to decompose. Only about 9% of plastic is recycled and small coffee pods are even more challenging to recycle. Bruvi‘s B-pods is taking a novel approach to bio-degradable coffee pods by assuming they end up at the landfill. And designing them to disintegrate when they do. B-Pods are bio-enzyme infused capsules designed to substantially break down in a landfill more rapidly than untreated plastics through an organic process that leaves no microplastics behind.  Bruvi co-founder Mel Elias, in an interview with TechCrunch, talks on the pods: “We are convinced here at Bruvi that we have found a very viable alternative, other than recycling, to address the problem of plastic waste by using bio enzyme technology … For consumers who are under the perception that single-serve pod coffee systems are bad for the environment, our aspiration at Bruvi is to ultimately turn this perception on its head and demonstrate that if you really care about the environment but still want to drink specialty coffee, Bruvi is your choice.” He continues talking on the bio-enzyme portion of their product: “This is the first time enzyme-infused plastic has been applied to a polypropylene coffee capsule, so this has already been an expensive endeavor for us as a startup … Adding the bio-enzyme admittedly does add a significant enough increase to the actual cost of our pods that would be a disincentive to most. Our social impact mission demands this course of action and so do the consumers we are trying to reach. Simply put, we couldn’t afford not to implement this solution.” Elias ends off with what his hopes are for the company and their mission: “Our immediate hope is that the large waste management companies that own or manage the majority of the active landfills in the U.S. today will be more incentivized, and supported by policy and regulation to increase the number of landfill gas to energy projects th

 129. 3D-Printed Solid State Batteries, Material Made Like Plastic But Conducts Like Metal, Coal to Nuclear Plants | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: 30:16

Show Notes: The future of solid-state batteries could be 3D-printed | The Verge (01:11) Lithium-ion batteries are everywhere: in your phone, car, camera, and more. One major flaw: safety.  Lithium-ion batteries have a tendency to catch fire, especially when damaged or at high temperatures.  Solid-state batteries replace a flammable liquid electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries with a more stable solid one.  Potential solutions for many problems of liquid Li-ion batteries, such as flammability, limited voltage, unstable solid-electrolyte interphase formation, poor cycling performance and strength. Additionally providing more power, faster charging, and a longer lifespan. California-based startup Sakuú, and it’s taking on an even bigger task: 3D-printing these next-gen batteries.  Claims that 3D printing allows it to fit more battery layers in the same amount of space, boosting the capacity of its batteries compared to those made by traditional manufacturing.  Dave Pederson, vice president of marketing and business development at battery technology company Sakuu, explains that has validated its 3D printing processes and materials, and is currently formatting them for a production environment.   “We've proven all of the steps in the lab, and now we're in the process of connecting them in an automated fashion,”  In theory, 3D printed batteries could take on more customized shapes, which could change how batteries are integrated into product design. Sakuu is bullish on this technology, this past August they opened a state-of-the-art multi-faceted engineering hub for its battery platform printing initiatives in Silicon Valley. 79,000 square feet  A floating wind platform has been installed in Spain 50 meters into the water | Interesting Engineering (07:15) A floating wind platform has been successfully installed at the PLOCAN test site in the Canary Islands of Spain. X1 Wind, the firm behind the platform. Oceanic Platform of the Canary Islands (PLOCAN) Connected the fully-functional floating wind prototype to the mooring system and dynamic cable pre-installed last June. The benefit of offshore floating wind turbines is they can take advantage of the strong winds blowing in the deeper areas, which improves energy efficiency. Can manufacture and then tow them out into deeper waters. The new wind platform has been fitted with a Vestas V29 turbine and stationed at a 50 meter water depth in a downwind configuration. 225 kW turbine Enable the firm to provide platforms for the 15MW scale turbines and beyond and to deploy them at very deep sites.  X1 Wind CEO and Co-Founder Alex Raventos explains the importance of this milestone: “This is a key milestone for our company and for the floating wind sector in general being able to install a floating wind platform using a TLP mooring system and requiring only small vessels. This reduces not only the costs but also the impact on the seabed. Data obtained from the X30 will contribute to de-risk the technology, improve the design, and obtain the certification of our commercial-scale platforms in preparation for upcoming tenders in Spain and other countries worldwide.” After its installation is completed, the new project will be tested in fully operational conditions until March 2023 while continuing to feed the electricity it generates to PLOCAN’s smartgrid. Scientists Astonished by Strange Material That Can Be Made Like Plastic but Conducts Like Metal | SciTechDaily (12:13) University of Chicago scientists have discovered a way to create a material that can be made like a plastic, but conducts electricity more like a metal. goes against all of the rules we know about conductivity—to a scientist According to John Anderson, an associate professor of chemistry, “this opens up the design of a whole new class of materials that conduct electricity, are easy to shape, and are very robust in everyday conditions.” If you’re making any kind

 128. Radioactive Tumor Killing Implant, 3D Printing Plant Cells, Step Into A Video w/ VR | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: 31:50

Show Notes Radioactive implant wipes tumors in unprecedented pre-clinical success | New Atlas (00:52) Pancreatic cancer is notoriously difficult to diagnose and treat, with tumor cells of this type highly evasive and loaded with mutations that make them resistant to many drugs.  3.2 percent of all cancers, yet is the third leading cause of cancer-related death Engineers at Duke University have developed a novel delivery system for cancer treatment and demonstrated its potential against one of the disease’s most troublesome forms A radioactive implant completely eliminated tumors in the majority of the rodents The team wanted to figure out a way to implant into the tumor without causing damage to the surrounding tissue. Created one from more biocompatible materials (instead of titanium)  that wouldn’t post the same risks to the human body. Synthetic chains of amino acids known as elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs), which form a stable gel-like material in the warmer environment of the body. This substance was injected into tumors in various mouse models of pancreatic cancer along with a radioactive element called iodine-131. ELP entombs the iodine-131 and prevents it from leaking into the body. Allows it to emit beta radiation that penetrates into the surrounding tumor. Once the radiation is spent, the ELP biogel safely degrades into harmless amino acids. The treatment was tested in combination with a common chemotherapy drug called paclitaxel. Across all the models tested, the scientists report a 100% response rate to the treatment.  In three quarters of the models, the dual treatment completely eliminated the tumors 80% of the time. The scientists deployed the novel treatment against pancreatic cancer because they wanted to explore its potential against one of the trickiest forms of the disease, but believe these results bode well for its wider application. Study author Jeff Schaal, explains the significance of their finding: “We did a deep dive through over 1,100 treatments across preclinical models and never found results where the tumors shrank away and disappeared like ours did … When the rest of the literature is saying that what we're seeing doesn't happen, that's when we knew we had something extremely interesting." In a first, scientists grow fully mature hair follicles in cultures | Interesting Engineering (07:12) According to a press release, researchers from Japan generated hair follicles in cultures while working on the processes of hair follicle growth and hair pigmentation.  Could contribute to the development of different applications such as hair loss treatment, animal testing and drug screenings. Scientists have been trying to understand the essential mechanisms of hair follicle development through animal models for a long while. Hair follicle morphogenesis wasn’t something that could be reproduced in a culture dish until now. Morphogenesis is the process when the outer layer of skin and the connective tissue interacts while the embryo develops. Researchers built hair follicle organoids by controlling the structure generated from the two types of embryonic cells tapping into a low concentration of extracellular matrices. Extracellular matrix is a network that supplies structure for cells and tissue in the body. These matrices change the spacing between the two types of embryonic cells from a dumbbell-shape to core-shell configuration.  Fully mature hair follicles with approximately 3 millimeter (mm)-long hair shafts were produced by the hair follicle organoids on the 23rd day of being cultured. Researchers included a melanocyte-stimulating drug that helps produce hair color pigmentation in the culture medium.  The findings could help understand how physiological and pathological processes develop in relation to other organ systems as well.  Junji Fukuda, a professor with the faculty of engineering at Yokohama National University, speaks on nex

 127. Bionic Pancreas, Mental Benefits of Blue Spaces, Untethered Exoskeleton | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: 35:56

Show Notes: A bionic pancreas could solve one of the biggest challenges of diabetes | MIT Technology Review (01:02) In a recent trial, a bionic pancreas that automatically delivers insulin proved more effective than pumps or injections at lowering blood glucose levels in people with type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is a serious condition that causes a person’s level of glucose, or sugar, to become too high because the pancreas can’t produce enough insulin Needs to be monitored and requires insulin intake every day. But maybe this bionic pancreas, which is a credit card-sized device called an iLet, could alleviate that constant monitoring It monitors a person’s levels around the clock and automatically delivers insulin when needed through a tiny cannula, a thin tube inserted into the body.  Worn constantly, generally on the abdomen. Determines all insulin doses based on the user’s weight, and the user can’t adjust the doses.  A Harvard Medical School team has submitted its findings from the study to the FDA in the hopes of eventually bringing the product to market in the US.  Provided 219 people with type 1 diabetes who had used insulin for at least a year with a bionic pancreas device for 13 weeks.  Compared their blood sugar levels with those of 107 diabetic people who used other insulin delivery methods The blood sugar levels of the bionic pancreas group fell from 7.9% to 7.3%, while the standard care group’s levels remained steady at 7.7%.  Goal according to the American Diabetes Association recommends a goal of less than 7.0% Duane Mellor, the lead for nutrition and evidence-based medicine at Aston Medical School, in Birmingham, UK, who was not involved in the study, provided a pro and con for this device: “Being able to take carbohydrate counting out of the equation is a really big advantage, because it’s a burden … On the flip side, they have to relinquish control [of determining the insulin dose], which could be difficult for people who’ve had diabetes for a long time.” The aim of the project is to democratize good glucose control, says Steven Russell, an associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, who led the study: “There are plenty of people who are struggling right now because they don’t have the right tools, and I think the iLet could help a lot of them have much better glucose control.” Positive Childhood Experiences of Blue Spaces Linked to Better Adult Well-Being |  Neuroscience News (09:37) A new study on blue spaces from data pulled from the BlueHealth International Survey (BIS) including 18 countries, showcases the benefits 15,000 people across 14 European Countries and 4 other non-European countries/regions Adults with better mental health are more likely to report having spent time playing in and around coastal and inland waters, such as rivers and lakes. Mounting evidence shows that spending time in and around green spaces such as parks and woodlands in adulthood is associated with stress reduction and better mental health. But not much info about blue spaces Respondents between the ages of 0-16 were asked to recall their blue space experiences how local they were,  how often they visited them,  how comfortable their parents/guardians were with them playing in these settings,  They found that individuals who recalled more childhood blue space experiences tended to place greater intrinsic value on natural settings in general, and to visit them more often as adults. Associated to better mental wellbeing in adulthood Valeria Vitale, Lead author and PhD Candidate at Sapienza University of Rome, talks on the findings:  “In the context of an increasingly technological and industrialized world, it’s important to understand how childhood nature experiences relate to wellbeing in later life… Our findings suggest that building familiarity and confidence in and around blue spaces during childhood may stimulate an inherent joy of nature

 126. Open Letter Against Weaponized Robots, Before Birth Stem Cell Treatment, New Blood Group | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: 25:35

Show Notes: Scientists Have Discovered a New Set of Blood Groups | Wired (00:52) After performing an emergency C-section for a pregnant woman, researchers were curious why there were these strange antibodies in the blood. They made a startling discovery:  The woman’s blood was of an ultra rare type, which may have made her baby’s blood incompatible with her own.  Prompting her immune system to produce antibodies against her baby’s blood Scientists were able to unpick exactly what made her blood different, and in the process confirmed a new set of blood grouping—the “Er” system, the 44th to be described. A, B, O, and AB isn’t the only classification system There are many ways of grouping red blood cells based on differences in the sugars or proteins that coat their surface, known as antigens.  Differences in antigens results in the following situation: Someone receives incompatible blood from a donor, for example, the recipient’s immune system may detect those antigens as foreign and react against them.  One new blood classification system has been described by researchers each year during the past decade.  tend to involve blood types that are extremely rare “Discovering a new blood group system is like discovering a new planet. It enlarges the landscape of our reality,” says Daniela Hermelin at the Saint Louis University School of Medicine, who was not involved in the study. Due to those genetic differences, a small number of people have alternative amino acids, or building blocks, in their Piezo1 protein. Causing the different ER blood type There are five Er antigens in total—five possible variations of Piezo1 on the surface of red blood cells that can lead to incompatibility.  Benefit of this finding:  It adds to our knowledge of how blood incompatibility can affect pregnant mothers and their babies Boston Dynamics, Agility and others pen letter condemning weaponized ‘general purpose’ robots | TechCrunch (05:38) A group of prominent robotics firms (Boston Dynamics, Agility, ANYbotics, Clearpath Robotics and Open Robotics) issued an open letter condemning the weaponization of “general purpose” robots. The piece comes amid mounting concern around the proliferation of advanced robotics systems. With fictional depictions and real-world efforts like the Ghost Robotics dog that has been outfitted with a sniper rifle, raising significant red flags for many. Part of the letter states: “We believe that adding weapons to robots that are remotely or autonomously operated, widely available to the public, and capable of navigating to previously inaccessible locations where people live and work, raises new risks of harm and serious ethical issues. Weaponized applications of these newly-capable robots will also harm public trust in the technology in ways that damage the tremendous benefits they will bring to society.” Ghost Robotics, which has its own take on the topic, told TechCrunch at the time: “We don’t make the payloads. Are we going to promote and advertise any of these weapon systems? Probably not. That’s a tough one to answer. Because we’re selling to the military, we don’t know what they do with them. We’re not going to dictate to our government customers how they use the robots.” Today’s open letter finds the signees pledging not to weaponize their systems, while calling on lawmakers to do more to prohibit this use for robotics. They end off their letter saying: “We also call on every organization, developer, researcher, and user in the robotics community to make similar pledges not to build, authorize, support, or enable the attachment of weaponry to such robots. We are convinced that the benefits for humanity of these technologies strongly outweigh the risk of misuse, and we are excited about a bright future in which humans and robots work side by side to tackle some of the world’s challenges.” World-first stem cell therapy trial treats spina bifida before birth

 125. First Planetary Defense Test, Faster Cheaper Gene Sequencing, United Airlines’ $1 Billion Bet | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: 34:50

Show Notes: Google Fiber Revs Up Its Multi-Gig Speeds to 20Gbps in Newest Field Test |  CNET (01:29)  Google Fiber CEO Dinni Jain announced Tuesday via blog post that 20 gigs is coming, The company achieved a 20.2Gbps download speed in a field test in Kansas City Google Fiber currently offers two plan options: 1-gigabit download speeds for $70 per month and a 2-gig plan for $100 monthly.  cheapest 2Gbps plan among major internet providers CNET reached out to a Google Fiber spokesperson, and was told that more information will be on the way in the coming weeks. No word yet on pricing or when to expect the plan to be available to customers. A 25Gbps speed tier from EPB costs around $1,500 per month According to Google Fiber's CEO this is just the beginning: “In the coming months, we'll have announcements to dramatically expand our multi-gigabit tiers. These will be critical milestones on our journey to 100 Gig symmetrical internet." NASA crashes DART spacecraft into asteroid in world's 1st planetary defense test | Space.com (06:45) For the first time in history, a spacecraft from Earth has crashed into an asteroid to test a way to save our planet from extinction.  Spacecraft: NASA's Double Asteroid Rendezvous Test (DART) probe Asteroid: Dimorphos, 7 million miles (11 million kilometers) from Earth The goal of the mission was to change the orbit of the space rock around its larger asteroid parent Didymos . Trying to test if humanity could deflect a dangerous asteroid if one was headed for Earth. Elena Adams, DART's mission systems engineer, said that “our first planetary defense test was a success”   The golf cart-sized DART (1,320 pounds) spacecraft slammed into the asteroid at 14,000 mph. Would be enough to move the 534-foot-wide (163 meters) Dimorphos a bit faster (10 minutes faster) in its orbit around its parent.  Poses no risk of changing the binary system's orbit to come anywhere near Earth.  The DART mission is the first demonstration of what NASA calls a "kinetic impactor" for planetary defense: crashing a spacecraft into an asteroid to change its orbit. Basic method to protect the Earth if a potentially dangerous asteroid were spotted five or 10 years before a prospective impact.  Angela Stickle, the leader of DART's impact working group, said the team's simulations and models suggest the spacecraft would likely create a crater up to 65 feet (20 m) wide.  Images Show Huge Plume of Debris as NASA Probe Smashes Asteroid  A vast network of ground-based telescopes were trained on the event and will be following the binary Didymos-Dimorphos system over time to see how much faster Dimorphos is now moving in its orbit.  The Era of Fast, Cheap Genome Sequencing Is Here | WIRED (13:35) At an industry event in San Diego today, genomics behemoth Illumina unveiled what it calls its fastest, most cost-efficient sequencing machines yet, the NovaSeq X series. Illumina controls around 80 percent of the DNA sequencing market globally The company believes its new technology will slash the cost to just $200 per human genome while providing a readout at twice the speed. Currently costs $600 for scientists to perform sequencing Sequence 20,000 genomes per year; its current machines can do about 7,500 Francis deSouza, Illumina’s CEO, states:  “As we look to the next decade, we believe we’re entering the era of genomic medicine going mainstream. To do that requires the next generation of sequencers … We need price points to keep coming down to make genomic medicine and genomic tests available much more broadly.” Stacey Gabriel, chief genomics officer at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, states they have been “waiting for this for a long time.” She continues to talk about the benefits of the new tech: “With greatly reduced costs and greatly increased speed of sequencing, we can sequence way more samples.” A major benefit of cheaper and more efficiency sequencing

 124. Hearing Mars Meteoroid Impacts, 3D Printing Swarm Drones, 3D Printing Wooden Objects | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: 23:13

Show Notes: InSight hears meteoroid impacts on Mars | EarthSky (01:15) Since 2018, NASA’s InSight lander has been busy studying the interior of Mars detecting  over 1,300 marsquakes NASA announced on September 19, 2022, that, for the first time, InSight has heard the impacts of four meteoroids as they crashed into the Martian surface. Detected the vibrations from the impacts in 2020 and 2021. The impacts produced small marsquakes, up to a magnitude of 2.0.  This is the first time that InSight – or any Mars lander or rover – has ever detected the seismic waves from a meteoroid impact. The four impacts occurred between 53 and 180 miles from InSight’s location in Elysium Planitia.  Elysium Planitia, a flat-smooth plain just north of the equator making it a great location to study the Martian interior.  NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter took images of the impact sites from orbit.  Appeared as dark spots in the orbiter’s black-and-white Context Camera.  The seismic waves generated by the impacts can give scientists clues about both the impacting rocks and the Martian subsurface. Additionally, scientists can use impact craters to determine the age of the surface. More craters = Older the surface is By using both InSight’s data and orbital images of the impact craters, researchers can determine the meteoroid’s trajectory and size of its shock wave (seismic wave).  7,000-year-old structure near Prague is older than Stonehenge, Egyptian pyramids | Live Science (05:27) Archaeologists digging near Prague have discovered the remains of a Stone Age structure that's older than Stonehenge and even the Egyptian pyramids: an enigmatic complex known as a roundel.  7,000 years ago during the late Neolithic, or New Stone Age Viewed from above, roundels consist of one or more wide, circular ditches with several gaps that functioned as entrances.  "Roundels are the oldest evidence of architecture in the whole of Europe," according to Jaroslav Řídký, a spokesperson for the Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IAP). Radio Prague International reported, the excavated roundel is large — about 180 feet (55 meters) in diameter, or about as long as the Leaning Tower of Pisa is tall Clear that this was part of the Stroked Pottery culture, which flourished between 4900 B.C. and 4400 B.C.  Located in the Bohemian region of the Czech Republic Many farming villages found near the intersection of contemporary Poland, eastern Germany and the northern Czech Republic  Carbon-dating organic remains from this roundel excavation could help the team pinpoint the date of the structure's construction and possibly link it with a Neolithic settlement discovered nearby. Watch this team of drones 3D-print a tower | MIT Technology Review (09:03) A mini-swarm’s worth of drones have been trained to work together to 3D-print some simple towers. Could, one day, help with challenging projects such as post-disaster construction or even repairs on buildings that are too high to access safely. The process has multiple drones work together to build from a single blueprint, with one essentially checking the others’ work as it goes. Inspired by the way bees or wasps construct large nests To demonstrate the drones’ capabilities, the researchers got them to use foam and a special lightweight form of cement to build structures with heights ranging from 0.18 meters to 2.05 meters.  The technique is limited for now because drones struggle to carry heavy loads, need regular charging, and still require human supervision. The researchers are hoping to alleviate some of these issues by automating the charging of drones during projects World's largest geothermal lagoon planned for Canada | New Atlas (14:12) A project, called geoLagon, is underway in Canada for a magnificent new open air lagoon in Canada that will be kept at balmy temperatures year round through a “huge Thermos” heating system underneath

 123. Starlink Reaches Antarctica, Huge Trial for Cancer Blood Tests, Humidity into Hydrogen | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: 31:03

Show Notes: SpaceX’s Starlink internet reaches Antarctica, touching all 7 continents  | New Atlas (01:16) Scientists with the United States Antarctic Program at the McMurdo Station are tapping into the space-based internet service, Starlink. Boosting the bandwidth for scientific research at the end of the Earth. Location of the Antarctic Program? You guess it Antartica The researchers have received a Starlink terminal of their own where it is said to be improving connectivity as they carry out their research. All of this was ,adding possible through laser links between the satellites in orbit that eliminate the need for ground stations at the poles Ultimately this makes Antarctica the seventh and final continent to receive Starlink internet coverage.  Google spins out secret hi-speed telecom project called Aalyria | CNBC (04:52) Codenamed “Minkowski” within Google, the secret project is being unveiled to the public on Monday, Sept. 12th, as a new spinout called Aalyria. No clue how long it’s been working on the technology or how many employees are joining the startup Not too many details about the project. Aalyria said in a news release that its mission is to manage “hyper fast, ultra-secure, and highly complex communications networks that span land, sea, air, near space, and deep space.” The company continues by claiming they have laser communications technology “ on an exponentially greater scale and speed than anything that exists today.” It will be led by CEO Chris Taylor, a national security expert who has led other companies that have worked with the government.  Have an $8.7 million commercial contract with the U.S. Defense Innovation Unit. The Light laser tech is named, “Tightbeam” The claim is that it keeps data “intact through the atmosphere and weather and offers connectivity where no supporting infrastructure exists.” “Radically [improving] satellite communications, Wi-Fi on planes and ships, and cellular connectivity everywhere.” A blood test that could detect cancers early will undergo trials in the U.S. | Interesting Engineering (11:04) According to a report by MIT Tech Review, The U.S. is preparing to launch trials of blood tests that can improve the detection of multiple kinds of cancer. The test will be conducted by the National Cancer Institute Testing efficacy of various blood tests in detecting cancer in 24,000 healthy participants over four years. The only test that is currently used in the U.S. is the Galleri, which claims to detect more than 50 cancer types.  Not approved by the FDA Therefore, it's not covered by most insurance and costs $949. To give a brief explanation on how the majority of these multi-cancer early detection tests (MCEDs) work: Searching for tumor cell remnants that explode after being attacked by the immune system in the bloodstream. A cancer warning before symptoms appear. Only some blood tests can identify the organ where the cancer is in.  To confirm a diagnosis a biopsy has to be performed but if you can’t tell the location that is an issue The whole body of a person cannot be biopsied. The NCI trial should provide a standard approach to launching cancer screening research. Timothy Rebbeck, a professor of cancer prevention at Harvard thinks these tests will be critically helpful in cases of pancreatic, liver, and ovarian cancer, which are fatal and do not have any other screening options. Concluding, “It seems very realistic to me to think that we could reduce death by half." This modular off-grid solar EV charger can be installed in just four hours | Electrek (18:34) Paired Power, a California company, has debuted a modular, off-grid electric vehicle charger that is powered by a solar canopy. The new modular charger called PairTree There is Level 1 (household charging, very slow), Level 2 (adds around twenty or so miles of range to the batteries of your car for every hour), and Fast Charging (Tesla Su

 122. Better Concussion Detection, Restoring Memories With Prosthesis, AI and Epilepsy | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: 32:43

Shows Notes: Neck-worn "bandage" sensors could better warn of concussions | New Atlas (01:09) One of the dangerous things about sports-related concussions is the fact that athletes may not realize they have one.A new sensor could let them (or their coaches) know. It would go on their neck, not their head. Helmet-integrated sensors, which have been developed, detect the type of impacts associated with concussions; such devices aren't necessarily 100-percent reliable.  Because a lot of concussions are associated with their head rapidly moving whiplash-style to one side, researchers at Michigan State University developed a thin-film adhesive-patch sensor that could detect the telltale neck movements. Size of a small bandage prototype device is only about 0.1 mm thick Piezoelectric material that produces an electrical charge when stretched or compressed. Once the material is charged due to the movement of the material, the data is sent to a computer, which will analyze it to determine if a concussion-grade impact occurred. While executing tests with this prototype, they found it performed as well as the helmet-integrated accelerometers at detecting concussion causing impacts, BUT they found the neck-bandage wouldn't produce false readings. The researchers are looking into ways of streamlining the design of the patch, such as equipping it with a transmitter that would wirelessly relay data to a nearby computer or mobile device.   Cancer trial amazingly results in 100% remission in every patient | Brighter Side News (07:41) Immunotherapy harnesses the body’s own immune system as an ally against cancer. The  Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center was investigating — for the first time ever — if immunotherapy alone could beat rectal cancer that had not spread to other tissues Sascha Roth, a 6-month participant in the clinical trial, found out, “a team of doctors examined my tests … And since they couldn’t find any signs of cancer, Dr. Cercek said there was no reason to make me endure radiation therapy.” These same remarkable results would be repeated for all 14 people — and counting — in the MSK clinical trial for rectal cancer with a particular mutation. The rectal cancer disappeared after immunotherapy — without the need for the standard treatments of radiation, surgery, or chemotherapy  the cancer has not returned in any of the patients Dr. Cercek talks on this rewarding experience:“It’s incredibly rewarding … to get these happy tears and happy emails from the patients in this study who finish treatment and realize, ‘Oh my God, I get to keep all my normal body functions that I feared I might lose to radiation or surgery.’ ” The research team went out to figure out precisely which patients benefit most from immunotherapy, so they can receive it right away. Patients who have tumors with a specific genetic makeup known as mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd) or microsatellite instability (MSI). Between 5% and 10% of all rectal cancer patients are thought to have MMRd tumors. 45,000 Americans are diagnosed a year with rectal cancer. Dr. Diaz talks on the mutation and treatment:“An MMRd tumor develops a defect in its ability to repair certain types of mutations that occur in cells. When those mutations accumulate in the tumor, they stimulate the immune system, which attacks the mutation-ridden cancer cells.” An immunotherapy agent called a checkpoint inhibitor releases the brakes on an immune cell, freeing it to recognize and attack cancer cells. The patients were given the checkpoint inhibitor dostarlimab (Jemperli) intravenously every three weeks, for six months. Another amazing thing is removing the toxicity of chemotherapy, which Dr. Cercek mentions:“The most exciting part of this is that every single one of our patients has only needed immunotherapy. We haven’t radiated anybody, and we haven’t put anybody through surgery … They have preserved normal bowel function, bladder function, sexual function, fertility. Women

 121. Fat Cells and The Brain, Producing Hydrogen at Room Temp, JWST’s First Exoplanet Image | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: 32:29

Show Notes: Researchers discover new way fat cells talk directly with the brain | New Atlas (01:36) Researchers at the Scripps Research Institute have discovered a novel communication pathway between fat cells and the brain. Brain doesn’t regulate fat burning by just slowly responding to hormonal signals in the blood. (traditional view) But can directly send messages to fat tissue and influence metabolic processes. The researchers use 2 new ways of looking at the fat tissue: 1.  HYBRiD - This method renders fat tissue transparent, allowing researchers a unique window into the paths of neurons.  2. ROOT, and it lets the researchers study exactly how certain neurons localized in fat tissue communicate with other parts of the body. The big finding from the study was the discovery of sensory neurons that branch out from the spine into fat tissue.  Directly communicate with a part of the brain called the dorsal root ganglia. Co-senior author Li Ye, stated on this finding: “The discovery of these neurons suggests for the first time that your brain is actively surveying your fat, rather than just passively receiving messages about it … The implications of this finding are profound.” Researchers found by blocking communication from these sensory neurons the sympathetic nervous system kicked into gear and began converting the white fat cells into brown fat.  Stepping up the body’s fat-burning processes.  All this finding can clearly establish at this stage is that the newly discovered sensory neuron communication pathway is crucial for keeping fat tissue healthy. Two-Seater eVTOL Will Be Used to Train Pilots for Flying Taxis | Singularity Hub (07:38) London-based SkyFly has recently started taking pre-orders on a personal eVTOL called the Axe. It seats two, different the others trying to hit the market (seat one) Unlike its peers, the Axe has a fixed-wing design, so it’s able to take off and land both vertically and in the conventional way. Vertical takeoff: Four propellers (4 ft diameter) lifts it off the ground, and once airborne, the body tilts forward to gain speed.  Eight 35-kilowatt electric engines power the plane Mounted at a 45-degree angle and don’t rotate. Wingspan is 16.4 feet  Larger than any of the other personal aircraft Weighs 944 pounds (lithium battery pack accounts for a good portion of that total) Lift a maximum weight of 379 pounds.  Its top speed is 100 miles per hour, and its range is 100 miles (200 if you add an optional range extender). Skyfly is aiming for its customer base to be made up of people who are already licensed pilots and/or own their own aircraft, and those who want to become pilots. Right now there’s not only a shortage of pilots for commercial aircraft, there’s not a cost-effective way to train new pilots either.  And Skyfly CEO Michael Thompson wants the Axe to serve as a general aviation platform for pilots in training. SkyFly is taking pre-orders at a base price of US$175k. The company is planning to start production in 2024. A  Simple Way to Produce Hydrogen From Water at Room Temperature | ScienceAlert (15:52) A new study out of University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC), provides us with another promising step in Hydrogen clean fuel, provided you can make use of existing supplies of post-consumer aluminum and gallium. Discovered a simple method involving aluminum nanoparticles that are able to strip the oxygen from water molecules and leave hydrogen gas. yields large amounts of hydrogen, and it all works at room temperature. This discovery removes one of the big barriers to hydrogen fuel production: the large amounts of power required to produce it using existing methods. Works with any kind of water, too, including wastewater and ocean water. Materials scientist Scott Oliver from UCSC seemed surprised by this process: "We don't need any energy input, and it bubbles hydrogen like crazy … I've never seen anyth

 120. Eye Test For Autism, Countdown to Artemis 1, Reversible Gene-Editing Technology | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: 29:37

Show Notes: Eye tests can screen children for autism | Brighter Side News (01:11) According to a study from Washington State University researchers, measuring how the eyes’ pupils change in response to light could potentially be used to screen for autism in young children. Known as the pupillary light reflex  Adjustments via the muscles connected to the lens, ciliary bodies, and muscles that make up the iris are stimulated by several nerves. The study builds on earlier work to support the continued development of a portable technology that could provide a quick and easy way to screen children for autism. Hope to catch children earlier in their development when interventions are more likely to benefit them. First author on the study, Georgina Lynch, stated: “We know that when we intervene as early as ages 18 to 24 months it has a long-term impact on their outcomes … Intervening during that critical window could be the difference between a child acquiring verbal speech and staying nonverbal. Yet, after 20 years of trying we still have not changed the average age of diagnosis here in the U.S., which is four years old.” Process of the study: Tested 36 children aged 6 to 17 who had been previously diagnosed with autism Tested a group of 24 typically developing children who served as controls. Pupillary light reflexes were tested using a handheld monocular pupillometer device, which measures one eye at a time. Children with autism showed significant differences in the time it took for their pupils to constrict in response to light.  Pupils also took longer to return to their original size after light was removed. Supported by funding from the Washington Research Foundation, Georgina Lynch is now working to expand testing to a group of 300 or more 2- to 4-year-olds across a larger number of clinical sites. Preparing to file for FDA premarket approval for the screening device    SpaceX's 'Mechazilla' lifts 33-engine Super Heavy onto the launch pad for the first time | Interesting Engineering (05:51) SpaceX's Starship Super Heavy booster prototype, Booster 7, is back on the launch pad. 33 next-gen Raptor engines attached at the launch pad It's all part of SpaceX's pre-launch preparations as the private space firm gears up toward the orbital maiden flight of Starship. eventually lift astronauts to the moon and Mars Musk posted a photo of Booster 7 being held by Mechazilla's arms, with the caption "Mechazilla loads Starship on launchpad." SpaceX is preparing for static fire tests, with one of them set to fire up all 33 Raptor engines on Booster 7 at the same time. Last time only fired 20 SpaceX will be a step closer to performing its first-ever orbital flight of Starship — the massive milestone could take place as soon as next month. Several customers have also penned agreements with SpaceX for Starship flights, including NASA and Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa.  Last year, NASA awarded SpaceX a $2.9 billion contract to send astronauts back to the surface of the moon.   NASA's launch countdown for Artemis 1 moon mission begins today | Space.com (11:14) At 10:23 a.m. EDT (1423 GMT) Aug. 27th, the countdown clock began ticking down to the planned launch of NASA's Artemis 1 mission, an ambitious first flight to the moon by the agency's most powerful rocket ever The Space Launch System (SLS)  Orion spacecraft onboard Artemis 1 is the vanguard mission of NASA's Artemis program, which aims to return astronauts to the moon by 2025. The mission flight will send an uncrewed Orion capsule on a 42-day trip to orbit the moon and return to Earth to test if the spacecraft is ready to carry astronauts.  If this mission succeeds,  NASA will follow it up with Artemis 2, a crewed trip around the moon in 2024.  Lead to the Artemis 3 crewed lunar landing a year later (2025). The ultimate goal, NASA has said, is to fly yearly missions to the moon after Artemis 3, stage crewed

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