One in Three Campaign Podcast show

One in Three Campaign Podcast

Summary: The One in Three Campaign Podcast features interviews with leading researchers and practitioners in the family violence field. The One in Three Campaign aims to raise public awareness of the existence and needs of male victims of family violence and abuse; to work with government and non-government services alike to provide assistance to male victims; and to reduce the incidence and impacts of family violence on Australian men, women and children. http://www.oneinthree.com.au/

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 013: Meeting the needs of male victims of domestic and family violence - Part 5 | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: Unknown

The One in Three Campaign Podcast features interviews with leading researchers and practitioners in the family violence field. The One in Three Campaign aims to raise public awareness of the existence and needs of male victims of family violence and abuse; to work with government and non-government services alike to provide assistance to male victims; and to reduce the incidence and impacts of family violence on Australian men, women and children. http://www.oneinthree.com.au/

 012: Meeting the needs of male victims of domestic and family violence - Part 4 | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: Unknown

The One in Three Campaign Podcast features interviews with leading researchers and practitioners in the family violence field. The One in Three Campaign aims to raise public awareness of the existence and needs of male victims of family violence and abuse; to work with government and non-government services alike to provide assistance to male victims; and to reduce the incidence and impacts of family violence on Australian men, women and children. http://www.oneinthree.com.au/

 011: Meeting the needs of male victims of domestic and family violence - Part 3 | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: Unknown

The One in Three Campaign Podcast features interviews with leading researchers and practitioners in the family violence field. The One in Three Campaign aims to raise public awareness of the existence and needs of male victims of family violence and abuse; to work with government and non-government services alike to provide assistance to male victims; and to reduce the incidence and impacts of family violence on Australian men, women and children. http://www.oneinthree.com.au/

 010: Meeting the needs of male victims of domestic and family violence - Part 2 | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: Unknown

The One in Three Campaign Podcast features interviews with leading researchers and practitioners in the family violence field. The One in Three Campaign aims to raise public awareness of the existence and needs of male victims of family violence and abuse; to work with government and non-government services alike to provide assistance to male victims; and to reduce the incidence and impacts of family violence on Australian men, women and children. http://www.oneinthree.com.au/

 009: Meeting the needs of male victims of domestic and family violence - Part 1 | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: Unknown

The One in Three Campaign Podcast features interviews with leading researchers and practitioners in the family violence field. The One in Three Campaign aims to raise public awareness of the existence and needs of male victims of family violence and abuse; to work with government and non-government services alike to provide assistance to male victims; and to reduce the incidence and impacts of family violence on Australian men, women and children. http://www.oneinthree.com.au/

 One in Three Campaign Podcast 008: Intimate Partner Abuse of Men Workshop - Part 7 | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: Unknown

We feature highlights from the Intimate Partner Abuse of Men Workshop held on Wednesday 16 June 2010 in Perth, Western Australia. The workshop was aimed at service providers plus anyone who works with victims and perpetrators of family and domestic violence, and considered the implications for service providers of the Edith Cowan University (ECU) Intimate Partner Abuse of Men research. In this, the seventh and final part of the workshop, we listen to a Question and Answer session between the audience and the presenters, Professor Rob Donovan and Richard Wolterman.  Listen now (MP3) Q: Yeah, thank you. My name’s Ian Lockyer from the Midwest CP Network in Geraldton. Just a comment and an observation, I guess, rather than a question, but it’s in relation to men seeking help. And I work in three GP practices and I work in Jurien Bay and Kadathinni and Three Springs. And it’s really interesting. I hadn’t thought of it until I’d started – I’m a psychologist - I hadn’t started to think about it until I had started to work in the area of general practice, but it seems to me that I sort of see every day young boys almost being indoctrinated into a, almost a form of learned helplessness, and the design of the general practice as being not being not men-friendly.  And it’s of interest in that I rarely see a father bringing a son into a general practice to see the doctor. And I think what we have to do is one step back from encouraging men to seek help, is to encourage fathers to encourage their sons to take responsibility for their health. Now particularly encouraging fathers to take responsibility for the health of their sons because, almost on a daily basis, I see mothers bringing babies, two-year olds, three-year-olds, four-years-old, 17-year old boys in to see the doctor. When they get to the doctor there’s a receptionist at the desk, who is a female, if there’s a blood sample that needs to be taken, there’s a [female] nurse that takes it. If the kids want to sit down and read a book it’s a Woman’s Day, it’s a New Idea - women’s books. So, by the time the kids decide that they need – they’ve grown up and they go to the doctor themselves, the doctor’s is really a women’s place. And I think that probably almost applies to any other organisation that looks at providing support services to the community. So I think as fathers, we’ve got a really heavy responsibility to make sure that we do take over the role of father in terms of the health of our sons and take some of the burden off of the mums, who, you know, are still carrying the can. And I think that, in terms of the implications for men seeking health is a huge issue. Probably a good research project for somebody, I’m not going to take it on just right now, but I think there’s a lot of work that still needs to be done there. MC: Thank you, there’s a well-made point. Any other questions or comments?  Q: Hi, my name’s Rob and I’m a men’s group facilitator specialising in domestic violence. And, yeah, I’m really grateful to be here today. I have found myself really moved by your presentation, Richard, in terms of feeling – I’ve been working in this area for three years and for those three years I’ve felt like my hands were tied in terms of working with the men and men bringing experiences of victimisation or their own struggles, and working with a framework, or a format specifically like the Duluth or Stosny or invitations to responsibility, where you basically, you know, part of me is acknowledging this person is in pain and they’re struggling and they’re reaching out, and my response is limited to “this”. Whereas, you know, I think you really hit the nail on the head for me in terms of the structure is just kind of a delivery vehicle, it’s more about

 One in Three Campaign Podcast 007: Intimate Partner Abuse of Men Workshop - Part 6 | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: Unknown

We feature highlights from the Intimate Partner Abuse of Men Workshop held on Wednesday 16 June 2010 in Perth, Western Australia. The workshop was aimed at service providers plus anyone who works with victims and perpetrators of family and domestic violence, and considered the implications for service providers of the Edith Cowan University (ECU) Intimate Partner Abuse of Men research. In this, the sixth part of the workshop, Richard Wolterman from Lifeline reflects on more than 20 years of working with both male victims and perpetrators.  Listen now (MP3) Richard Wolterman: Good morning everyone. I find myself in the company of great academics and unfortunately I never reached a Ph.D. because I started doing different things. That means my professional life and working in the field of domestic violence and other abuse-related areas are experiential and I will relate my experience to you as such and from the heart. I’ve been working the field for about 20 years, from 1988 onwards, more or less. Before I give an oversight I just want to speak to the lady from Fremantle: the word “hope” struck a cord with me. I think the word “hope” is a key word that does not appear in any guidelines for treatment in particularly the domestic violence area and I think it does not necessarily apply to CALD to people or multicultural cultural victims or perpetrators. I saw it as a major point for us as counsellors and group facilitators in the first place to find ways of bringing hope to the people who came for assistance. And secondly, empathy and being with them. I hope I can talk about it later a bit.  It’s necessary for me to do some self revelation and I just want to let you know that domestic violence is a broad field but it’s also a narrow field. And I’m actually happy to say that I’ve worked in a lot of areas. It started in 1988 in New Zealand with private practice combined with avocado growing. I think it’s a remarkable, fruitful combination working out in the fields and doing counselling. But it encompassed family court counselling, victim support, at the time family court encompassed all the various aspects of separation, conciliation, reconciliation, custody access, children, anger management, and also domestic violence which started to become an issue at the time. I also was a probation officer and a counsellor, sorry, a contractor for corrective services with violent offenders and sexual offenders the time. The Hamilton Project in New Zealand was I think the first overseas location of the Duluth Model and I became an approved and registered program developer, and also counsellor in New Zealand for male perpetrators. There’s one area in particular, spiritual abuse support that I started up and I’m still engaged with that in different ways. Coming to Australia in 1998 when I was recruited by Anglicare to set up male domestic violence services in Albany that encompassed I suppose it was the first Australian men’s domestic violence crisis service, but also what we call the normal perpetrator group programs. And later on an early intervention family domestic violence program. Other fields were child protection and currently I’m managing a program for separated fathers with Lifeline. The last item on the list is probably more impacting on me as a professional than anything else because there is also a history of abuse that I never sought out for myself. And I was never determined to consciously work into the abuse counselling field but two years at least of sexual abuse at the Catholic seminary has marked my life. Further exposure to a war-torn country, living in the Middle East with terrorist border crossings and bus bombings did an additional damage. A further year-in-a-half in the Persian Gulf War and a detainment by the Iranian navy was another aspect of a traumatic experience, and there were a few more. But it helps me to come to terms

 One in Three Campaign Podcast 006: Intimate Partner Abuse of Men Workshop - Part 5 | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: Unknown

We feature highlights from the Intimate Partner Abuse of Men Workshop held on Wednesday 16 June 2010 in Perth, Western Australia. The workshop was aimed at service providers plus anyone who works with victims and perpetrators of family and domestic violence, and considered the implications for service providers of the Edith Cowan University (ECU) Intimate Partner Abuse of Men research. In this, the fifth part of the workshop, Professor Rob Donovan talks about men’s help-seeking behaviour.  Listen now (MP3) Rob Donovan: Well, I think the real expert on engaging with men is the talk after mine, but I have been involved over the years on research with men’s help-seeking behaviour. And so I’m gonna provide a broader brush, if you like, because the sort of work I do generally goes into public education and overall communication strategies. But some of the group research and the qualitative research we’ve done gives us some insights. I think we self-destruct. One of the common themes that comes out when you talk to men about their health - they do have an awareness that they smoke too much, they drink too much, they take too many risks, they don’t watch their diet, and all other sorts of occupational things. There’s that realisation there that yes, the reason that the statistics are different for morbidity and mortality for men and women is that men are more wilful at engaging in unhealthy behaviours and pastimes. Men tend to soldier on and be the hero. Yes, we sort of feel that we’re in charge, or we’re believed to be, or hoped to be in charge, and that when things go wrong and we’re feeling a bit off and that, nevertheless the expectation from society out there, and even from within our families, is that we’ll be stoic. We’ll keep going, and we will solve the problem for everybody. And so we tend to soldier on regardless of how we feel ourselves, because we want to be the hero... and besides – we’re in the dark a lot. We tend not to know where services are, how to access them, what the real facts about health, what are the causes and risks and so on for different diseases? And that’s, of course, why we rely on women to a large extent, if there are women in your life. So what’s the overall problem as I see it? Well, it’s basically “men don’t seek help.” They don’t seek help for relationship problems, either with their partner or with their kids, for family relationships in general, for mental health issues, and of course the big one there is suicide stats - and over 80 percent of people who take their own lives are men – and for physical health issues, as well. And they don’t seek help either ever - it just gets all too much, and away they go - or they don’t seek it soon enough, and they don’t seek it often enough. So they go to GP’s less often, and when they do go to a GP they’re less likely to talk about other problems other than the immediate one. And they tend to find GP’s not particularly easy to talk to, either. Just a little anecdote there... a few years ago I was talking - working, rather - on a ‘time to treat’ program for the National Heart Foundation. They wanted to increase awareness that if you have chest pains that persist over 20 minutes, you should call an ambulance and get to hospital. If you get to hospital within a particular certain time, and you get a drug, then that can arrest the heart attack, if that’s what you’re having, and can lessen the likelihood of permanent damage to the heart. So the key thing is call an ambulance and get there within 20 minutes. So I wrote three ads for this campaign, which we went out and tested. They were based on research we’d done with people who had had a heart attack. And then, one night, I was lying in bed, and around half-past-two I started to experience some chest discomfort.

 One in Three Campaign Podcast 005: Intimate Partner Abuse of Men Workshop - Part 4 | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: Unknown

We feature highlights from the Intimate Partner Abuse of Men Workshop held on Wednesday 16 June 2010 in Perth, Western Australia. The workshop was aimed at service providers plus anyone who works with victims and perpetrators of family and domestic violence, and considered the implications for service providers of the Edith Cowan University (ECU) Intimate Partner Abuse of Men research. In this, the fourth part of the workshop, we listen to a Question and Answer session between the audience and the ECU researchers, Dr Greg Dear and Emily Tilbrook.  Listen now (MP3) MC: We do have a few minutes for questions before we go to morning tea.  Q: My name’s Maggie Woodhead and I’m from the Department of Health. It’s a -- what struck me in the barriers to disclosing was first of all, the similarities, you know, that women also say those things, but within that, there was a key for me, a key standout thing that wasn’t there which was a fear, a terror, of what the partner would do to the victim if they found out that they’d disclosed. And that’s led me to wondering what working definition you had as to what you - and I know it’s grounded research and I understand all that, so you took a lot from – you took the definition from what they were telling you. But I’m wondering you know, sort of, did you have the background within yourself of knowing that, as you said, initially that domestic violence is an ongoing you know, sort of reign of terror designed to intimidate and control. And if it is that, then you have to have as the key – well one of the key barriers to disclosing I would have thought - that fear of what the other will do if they find out. Can you talk a little about that?  Emily Tilbrook: It was something that we were aware of. We’re obviously familiar with the literature in the area, so we were aware that the theory of intimidation and power and control elements are there. It was something that a few of the men mentioned and a few of the men mentioned it in regards to their experience more so than in barriers to disclosure, but some did mention it in barriers to disclosure. But the other themes were much stronger, which is why they’re in the report. There was only a couple that mentioned it in the barriers, whereas others had mentioned it in the experience area. So, “this was my experience,” but it wasn’t necessarily something that they specifically mentioned as a barrier for them. But they did mention it; a couple of them did mention it as a barrier. So, it’s something that men are also often reluctant to talk about, experiencing fear. And they don’t necessarily use the same words. That’s one of the things that I noticed when I was doing the interviews, they don’t necessarily use the words. That’s something that we actually want to research a little bit further because they don’t actually necessarily use the words “fear” and “intimidation.” They might use “worry” or “concern” or, “I was deeply concerned about that” or “I was very worried about that.” So, I think that’s something that needs further research actually is how men define – talk about the experience of fear. Have you got something to add?  Greg Dear: Yeah, I think that as Emily has mentioned, that is something specific that we are wanting to do further research on and drill down into, because down the track there needs to be the sort of epidemiological research that talks about prevalence and range of experiences, etc. if for no other reason than for service provision and planning. I think we need to understand the way that men not only experience fear, but more importantly, how they articulate it. And I’m reminded of – I’ve done quite a bit of research in the prison system and particularly with vulnerable prison

 One in Three Campaign Podcast 004: Intimate Partner Abuse of Men Workshop - Part 3 | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: Unknown

We feature highlights from the Intimate Partner Abuse of Men Workshop held on Wednesday 16 June 2010 in Perth, Western Australia. The workshop was aimed at service providers plus anyone who works with victims and perpetrators of family and domestic violence, and considered the implications for service providers of the Edith Cowan University Intimate Partner Abuse of Men research. In this, the third part of the workshop, Dr Greg Dear presents the results of the survey.  Listen now (MP3) Dr Greg Dear: We surveyed - we aimed for 200 participants, services providers from across Australia, primarily in Western Australia who identified themselves as having an interest or responded to various advisements and other ways of reaching out to service providers, including mail outs; who identified themselves as having an interest in the topic and keen to put their perspective into our data. So again it’s - even though it’s a survey its purposive sampling as opposed to necessarily trying to be representative. Something very interesting to me at least, was that of those 198 service providers who responded and participated in the survey, 81 percent of them, 160, indicated having provided services to one or more male who reports being a victim of domestic violence in the last 12 months, not as in ever, but in the last 12 months. That was one of our questions because near the beginning of the survey, because obviously we want to hear from people about their experiences in providing a service to a male victim. Of those 160, 122, so about three quarters of them completed most of the survey or all of the survey rather than just the sort of demographic and opening sections. I’ll pick a few things out that I think are important to focus on, but the full details and table after table after table are in the full report. Okay, so by and large from counselling or what we referred to as referral services, so mostly information services that are the like gatekeepers in handing people on to identifying - working with people who approach them in order to identify the relevant service for that person. But a range of different types of service providers there. Overall looking at the 122 who answered these questions about their experiences of providing a service to one or more male victims, there was general agreement with the definitions of various categories of abuse. Now, the definitions that Emily presented, they come from our participants in the first phase of the studie. So in other words, that’s what the men, the significant others, etc, meant by physical violence, social abuse, etc. The labels we put on that as we analyse the transcripts of their interviews but in asking them the sort of broad question, “Well what do you mean when you say domestic violence or intimate partner abuse?” We tended to use the term domestic violence in interviews because that’s what particularly male victims were - that’s the terminology they were used to and used themselves. So the main addition to those definitions that came from our participants in study one that service providers emphasised was that you should include into the definitions power and control dynamics and fear and intimidation as necessary aspects of defining it as intimate partner abuse. There were a few, probably about three or four who - and really only two who significantly questioned whether male victims experience extreme fear and intimidation like female victims often do. In terms of the barriers to disclosure the service providers by and large and sometimes a majority and sometimes a minority of only about 30 or 40 percent. But that’s a sizeable minority of service providers recognising that in the man or the men that they have worked with in the last 12 months, that particular barrier was an issue that delayed or some cases prevented that man from disclosing. It was only sort of partway through engaging or providing services to this man on

 One in Three Campaign Podcast 003: Intimate Partner Abuse of Men Workshop - Part 2 | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: Unknown

We feature highlights from the Intimate Partner Abuse of Men Workshop held on Wednesday 16 June 2010 in Perth, Western Australia. The workshop was aimed at service providers plus anyone who works with victims and perpetrators of family and domestic violence, and considered the implications for service providers of the Edith Cowan University Intimate Partner Abuse of Men research. In this, the second part of the workshop, Emily Tilbrook presents the results of the interviews.  Listen now (MP3) Emily Tilbrook: As Greg mentioned, I’m Emily Tilbrook, and today I’m going to be talking about the stage one research findings from the research that Greg’s just introduced. So we had 15 male victims in the study, eight service providers and five significant others. Greg just said that I’ll fill you in on the significant others, so I’d better do that. There was one participant who was a son of a male victim who lived in the household obviously with his father and his mother. He’s now an adult who experienced that when he was a child. There was, as Greg had said, a sister-in-law and a sister. There was also a current partner, a non-abused and non-abusive current partner, and a non-abused and non-abusive ex-partner, as well. So we would have liked more significant others in the sample obviously, but that was a group that was difficult to get a hold of. So, within stage one, there were five core categories in the findings: these were forms of abuse, targets of abuse, perceived etiology of abuse behaviour, impacts of abuse, and disclosure of abuse. Within the core category ‘forms of abuse,’ you can see there were seven subordinate categories. Within targets of abuse there were no subordinate categories. Within the core category ‘perceived etiology’ of abuse, the subordinate categories were perpetrator issues and victim issues. Within ‘impacts of abuse,’ this was on... the subordinate categories were on victims and on others. And lastly, the core category of ‘disclosure of abuse’ – the subordinate categories were barriers and facilitators to disclosure. So, participants reported that men were subject to seven forms of abuse, that are similar to those reported by other victims of intimate partner abuse. Some men also appear to be subject to multiple forms of abuse. The pattern of abuse often started with abuse such as verbal, financial, and psychological abuse, and it stemmed to other forms of abuse which became increasingly more violent, such as physical and sexual abuse. Physical abuse is the first subordinate category within the ‘forms of abuse’ category. The behaviour in this subordinate category reported by participants included violence against the person and property of victims, abuse against the person ranged from punching, biting, scratching, spitting, to throwing objects at men, and to spiking their drinks. Damage to property was such a strong theme that it could have arguably been made a subordinate category of it’s own. However, we followed the tradition in some of the literature, which put it in the category of physical abuse. So damage to property included breaking into houses and breaking personal objects that belonged to the men. So, psychological abuse was the next subordinate category. Participants reported perpetrators putting men down and humiliating them. They also reported that men felt threatened and even stalked by the behaviour of their partners. The most common form of psychological abuse reported was that men felt that they were disempowered by their female partners who controlled them and their circumstances either directly or indirectly. The next subordinate category was verbal abuse. Participants reported that verbal abuse took the form of yelling, shouting, screaming, and swearing. The next category was sexual abuse. They reported that – this is the victims – reported that they felt pressur

 One in Three Campaign Podcast 002: Intimate Partner Abuse of Men Workshop - Part 1 | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: Unknown

We feature highlights from the Intimate Partner Abuse of Men Workshop held on Wednesday 16 June 2010 in Perth, Western Australia. The workshop was aimed at service providers plus anyone who works with victims and perpetrators of family and domestic violence, and considered the implications for service providers of the Edith Cowan University Intimate Partner Abuse of Men research. In this, the first part of the workshop, Dr Greg Dear explains the methodology of the study.  Listen now (MP3) Dr Greg Dear: Okay. My main brief for this opening presentation is to explain the – give you an overview of the methodology and the rationale for the study, the background to it. But I’m actually going to step away from that topic for a little bit and go a little bit further into the background than I was asked to. Those of us who have worked or who do work in the family violence field will be very familiar with the sort of, the two pain pillars, if you like, of understanding the dynamics in abusive families and families where there are ongoing patterns of violence. First is fear and intimidation, and the second is a term that has arisen over the years, power and control. Intimidation is often more about terror than simple fear. Control, power and control, is not just about being in charge, but is about subjugation and humiliation. It’s about the abusive use of power rather than the – and the coercive use of power as opposed to the power that exists in all relationships, sometimes in healthy ways involving negotiation and assertiveness and sometimes in unhealthy ways. There’s a couple of things that I thought I knew and was confident in knowing and have known for many years and most people who have interacted with the family violence field, family law field, violence field generally over the years seem to know these things as well. I’m just going to throw them up as questions though. Okay, is it really violence, if there has been an ongoing pattern of emotional, social, and financial abuse, both controlling and intimidating, but no physical assaults – no physical abuse. For many years I had a competent answer to that question and I think I still do. I’m not going to ask for a show of hands but just leave that as a question rather than as a statement. Is it domestic violence if on one occasion he pushed her and threw a coffee mug, not at her, in the heat of an argument, but there is no ongoing pattern of power and control and no fear on her part? Is it against the law for a partner in a relationship to verbally abuse, belittle the other, including humiliation in public, causing intense shame and depression in the abused person? Perhaps I should restate that question, as “should it be against the law?” It’s against the law to do it in the workplace, I’m not allowed to do it to students, we’re not allowed to do it in a whole range of public areas, junior football coaches, netball coaches aren’t allowed to do it to their players, parents aren’t allowed to do it from the sideline. Is it against any rule or regulation, formal regulation of society, to do it in a relationship? As I said, maybe the question is better put as, “should it be against the law?”  A couple of anecdotes that I’ll try and get through quickly. Actually I will do a show of hands on this one. Who has knocked down the back half of their house in order to build an extension? Anyone here had a massive renovations in their house while trying to live in it? Okay, I thought there might be more people than that. Perhaps the rest of you have repressed that traumatic memory. But for most people, it is a terrible experience. I’m going to give you a little anecdote: my daughter, when she was three-years-old, she’s now 16, but this is still clear in my mind. We were having a dispute with our builder when we were building an extension out the back of our house an

 One in Three Campaign Podcast 001: Interview with Dr. Greg Dear | File Type: audio/mpeg | Duration: Unknown

Dr. Greg Dear is Senior Lecturer in Psychology in the School of Psychology and Social Science at Edith Cowan University (ECU) in Western Australia. Greg is the co-author, along with Professor Alfred Allan and Emily Tilbrook, of Intimate Partner Abuse of Men, a research project commissioned by the Men’s Advisory Network and released on 26th May 2010. In this in-depth interview with Greg Dear, Greg Andresen discusses the findings and implications of the ECU research.  Listen now (MP3) Greg Andresen: I’m speaking with Dr. Greg Dear, and Greg is the Senior Lecturer in Psychology in the School of Psychology and Social Science at Edith Cowan University in Western Australia. Greg is the co-author, along with Professor Alfred Allan and Emily Tilbrook of Intimate Partner Abuse of Men, which is a research project commissioned by the Men’s Advisory Network and released on the 26th of May, 2010. Greg, thank you for talking with us today. Greg Dear: Sure, no Problem. GA: First of all, can you tell our listeners about the aims and objectives of the research? GD: Well, I suppose in broad terms, the aim was to collect men who report being victims of intimate partner violence, to collect rich data about the nature of their experiences. In other words, what sort of violence they experience from an intimate partner, or have experienced, how it has impacted on them, and more specifically, what sorts of factors have influenced their decision to disclose that abuse, or not to disclose that abuse to other people. We were particularly interested in understanding the difficulties that men have in disclosing abuse to service providers in a range of categories. GA: Okay, so it was very much a qualitative project. GD: That was certainly the first part of it, and I think the important part of it. The second stage was a survey of service providers where we sought to quantify, I suppose in some way, their views on the data that we had collected in the first stage of the study. In particular, the degree to which they recognised in men who they’ve worked with, the types of barriers to disclosure that we identified in the first phase of the research. GA: Well, let’s talk a bit about stage one of your research, the qualitative interviews with the male victims, but also with significant other people in their lives and some individual service providers, I believe, who had helped male victims. What different forms of abuse did you unearth in stage one when you talked to these people? GD: One of the questions that we asked in the interviews was a broad open-ended question about, “when they say they’ve been victims of abuse, what did they mean by that?” How do they define abuse? What are the sorts of experiences they’ve had? And then we’ve thematically analysed the conversation that followed from that opening question. I make that point because we were quite deliberate in not wanting to give a sort of checklist of the definitions that exist in the literature or the way that intimate partner violence is categorised into emotional abuse, or social abuse, or physical abuse, etc. We really wanted to just get a free flowing conversation of what do the men, and family, friends, significant others of men who reported abuse, what do they mean by that? What is it that they have experienced? What are the behaviours that have been done to them? And what’s their understanding of, more broadly, what abuse might entail, so it would be beyond just what they’ve experienced. And when we analysed those data, they fell very nicely into the same sorts of categories and definitions as exist in the literature already, so all of the social abuse, financial abuse, pretty much the same way that these are defined in the literature. And an additional category that emerged, and when I say additional, there is some limited research on this and discussion in the literature, but it’s not universally recognised in

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