Physics Fundamentalized

An example of the application of the conservation of momentum to a classic situation is described in detail. Newton's cradle is explained.

After a brief discussion of the notion of systems as it relates to momentum and its conservation, the velocity of a rocket in deep space as a function of fuel consumption is derived.

Momentum is introduces in the context of what Newton described as the quantity of motion. The second law is then cast into a momentum form, revealing the notion of impulse and the suggestion of momentum as a conserved quantity.

A customized form of the law of conservation of energy is derived and its features described in detail. The relationship between conservative forces and their associated potential energies is revealed and explained. Finally, power is defined and its practical applications are discussed.

The spring potential energy is derived.

The general definition of work is discussed as a practical matter, followed by a derivation of the gravitational potential energy.

In a special lecture of the series the kinetic energy is derived once again, but this time with respect for the variation of the mass with velocity resulting in the famous mass-energy relation. It goes on so long, a classroom door is used for extra space.

In this, the introductory lecture on energy, the kinetic energy is derived using calculus by computing the effect of a force acting in the direction of motion. Energy is also described as a universal symmetry and some practical maters of its application are discussed.

The first of the more informal problem solving sessions in preparation for the exam. A toaster is pulled by its cord and the angle of maximum acceleration is determined. A block slides on a slab which, in turn, rests on a frictionless surface.

The velocity of an object subject to a drag force proportional to the square of the velocity is derived as well as the velocity of an object falling under the influence of gravity while subject to a drag force.

Newton’s second law is used to find the position, velocity and acceleration of an object subject to a viscous drag force that it proportional to the velocity.

The centripetal acceleration is revealed by computing the change in the velocity vector for an object moving around a circular arc at constant speed. To follow up, three essential examples of circular motion are demonstrated; the vertical loop, the graviton ride and the motion of a car along a banked curve.

The nature of the generalized friction force and how to calculate it is presented in detail immediately followed by two essential problems; an object skidding to rest on a surface and the classic inclined plane. Particular focus is given to the inclined plane free body diagram and the system is described as a method for measuring coefficients of friction.

A horse drawn cart is used as a classic example of the application of Newton's Second Law. Free body diagrams are drawn for the system with detailed explanation and advice regarding the technique. With the diagrams complete, the law is applied and the results discussed. Later in the lecture, the classic problem of Atwood's Machine is presented as an essential derivation of classical mechanics.

The 2nd law is stated and its subtleties and limitations are described including the observation of pseudo forces. Strategies are described for the case of compound objects. The 3rd law is described and common examples are discussed, particularly where misconceptions are common.