Anthony Fauci is the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD. Teresa Schraeder, the interviewer, is a clinical assistant professor at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI. Supplement to: Johnston MI and Fauci AS. An HIV Vaccine - Challenges and Prospects. N Engl J Med 2008;359:888-90.

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Now well into the third decade of the pandemic of HIV and AIDS, we have seen dramatic successes in the treatment of HIV-infected persons in the United States and many other countries. Yet the pandemic still rages.

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Wafaa El-Sadr is the director of the International Center for AIDS Care and Treatment Programs and a professor of clinical medicine and epidemiology at Columbia University, New York. Rachel Gotbaum is an independent producer based in Boston. Supplement to: El-Sadr WM and Hoos D. The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief -- Is the Emergency Over? N Engl J Med 2008;359:553-5.

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On July 16, the Senate approved legislation that would increase the funding for the President?s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) to $48 billion for the next 5 years. Drs. Wafaa El-Sadr and David Hoos examine PEPFAR?s achievements, limitations, and lessons for the future.

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Allan Brandt is a professor of the history of medicine at Harvard Medical School, Boston, and dean of the graduate school of arts and sciences at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Teresa Schraeder, the interviewer, is an internist and medical journalist. Supplement to: Brandt AM. FDA Regulation of Tobacco -- Pitfalls and Possibilities. N Engl J Med 2008;359:445-8.

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It is likely that during the coming year, Congress will pass legislation bringing tobacco products under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Allan Brandt writes that it behooves public health advocates and Congress to fully understand all the implications of FDA regulation.

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Jon Kingsdale is the executive director of the Commonwealth Health Insurance Connector Authority, Boston. Rachel Gotbaum is an independent producer based in Boston. Supplement to: Steinbrook R. Health Care Reform in Massachusetts -- Expanding Coverage, Escalating Costs. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2757-60.

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After 2 years, the good news is that the health care reforms in Massachusetts have ramped up rapidly, the number of people without health insurance has been substantially reduced, and overall public and political support remains broad. Dr. Robert Steinbrook writes that not all the news is good, however.

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Francis Collins is director of the National Human Genome Research Institute at the National Institutes of Health. Rachel Gotbaum is an independent producer based in Boston. Supplement to: Hudson KL, Holohan MK, and Collins FS. Keeping Pace with the Times -- The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2661-3.

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On May 21, President George Bush signed the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA). Kathy Hudson, M.K. Holohan, and Dr. Francis Collins write that at last, the United States has a federal law that protects consumers from discrimination by health insurers and employers on the basis of genetic information.

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Janet Woodcock is director of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research at the Food and Drug Administration. Rachel Gotbaum is an independent producer based in Boston. Supplement to: Avorn J. Coagulation and Adulteration -- Building on Science and Policy Lessons from 1905. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2429-31.

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It's always instructive and often painful to contrast the impressive development of medical science with the more fitful evolution of health policy. The former marches forward more or less systematically; well-developed rules of evidence determine what works, and practical methods build on established facts and test new paradigms. Data and concepts proven true are rarely discarded or forgotten. Not so with health policy.

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Stuart Schweitzer is a professor in the Department of Health Services at the UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles. Rachel Gotbaum is an independent producer based in Boston. Supplement to: Schweitzer SO. Trying Times at the FDA -- The Challenge of Ensuring the Safety of Imported Pharmaceuticals. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1773-7.

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Stuart Schweitzer discusses challenges and recent crises at the FDA and the scope of the agency's responsibilities.

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Sherry Glied is a professor and chair of the Department of Health Policy and Management, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York. Rachel Gotbaum is an independent producer based in Boston. Supplement to: Glied SA. Universal Coverage One Head at a Time -- The Risks and Benefits of Individual Health Insurance Mandates. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1540-2.

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The health insurance reform enacted in Massachusetts in 2006 and the proposals of the leading Democratic presidential candidates seek to achieve universal health insurance coverage while relying primarily on private insurance. Achieving universality is a challenge in any system that assigns insurance coverage, whether private or public...

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